The correct answer is 'Sarve Santu Niramaya'

In News

• The Army Medical Corps celebrated its 260th Raising Day on 3rd April 2024.

Key Points

• Established in 1764, the Corps has a rich history of providing medical services to Army personnel, both serving and veterans, as well as their families.
• The Corps has demonstrated selfless service to the nation, showcasing dedication and sacrifice in both combat and peacekeeping missions.
• The Corps motto, 'Sarve Santu Niramaya' (Let All be Free from Disease), encapsulates its commitment to ensuring the health and well-being of all.
• The Raising Day event was attended by high-ranking officials including Chief of Army Staff Gen Manoj Pande and Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari.
• The Corps has excelled in various medical care domains, including participation in UN Peacekeeping Missions and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) activities on foreign soil.

Avanindranath Tagore is the main leader and guiding painter of the Renaissance of Indian art.

Key Points

• Abanindranth Tagore was the main leader and guiding painter of the Renaissance of Indian art.
• Abinandranath was an arts and culture pioneer in the 20th century Bengal.
• He was the first major exponent of Swadeshi values in Indian art.
• He was the principal artist and creator of the "Indian Society of Oriental Art".
• He founded the Bengal School of art which led to the development of modern Indian painting.
• He is hailed as one of the greatest icons of Indian modern art.

Thus, we can say that the main leader and guiding painter of the Rennaisance of Indian art are Avanindranath Tagore.

The correct answer is Swachh Mandir Campaign.

In News

• PM Modi launched 'Swachh Mandir' Campaign for Clean Pilgrimage Sites.

Key Points

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launched the 'Swachh Mandir' Campaign, a nationwide initiative focused on cleanliness at pilgrimage sites.
• This launch has been timed ahead of the upcoming consecration of the Ram temple in Ayodhya on January 22nd.
• PM Modi has called upon Indian citizens to join hands in this campaign, with the specific goal of making Ayodhya the cleanest city in India.
• He further urged people to initiate cleanliness campaigns at smaller pilgrimage sites beginning from Makar Sankranti (January 14) and continue until January 22.
• The campaign is inclusive and aims to involve all elected representatives, such as MPs, MLAs, and panchayat representatives, to work together for the success of the initiative.
• Party functionaries are tasked with identifying relevant places of worship where the campaign will be rolled out ahead of the consecration ceremony.

The correct answer is Bihar.

In News

• Former Bihar CM Karpoori Thakur honored with Bharat Ratna posthumously.

Key Points

• Bharat Ratna for Karpoori Thakur:
  • Former Bihar CM Karpoori Thakur has been posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor.
  • The recognition highlights his significant contributions to uplift backward classes and implement reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
• Champion of Social Justice:
  • Karpoori Thakur actively advocated for the rights of marginalized communities, including scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and OBCs.
  • His political ideology was centered around a commitment to social justice and inclusive development.
• Reservation for OBCs:
  • During his tenure as Bihar CM from 1977 to 1979, Karpoori Thakur played a pioneering role in providing reservations for OBCs.
  • The implementation was based on the recommendations of the Mungeri Lal Commission.
• Mentor to Political Leaders:
  • Karpoori Thakur served as a mentor to prominent political figures like Lalu Prasad Yadav and Nitish Kumar.
  • His influence extended beyond his time in office, shaping the political landscape in Bihar.
• Birth Centenary Recognition:
  • The award comes during the birth centenary of Karpoori Thakur, adding significance to the recognition.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed delight, emphasizing Thakur's enduring efforts as a champion for the marginalized and a symbol of equality and empowerment.

The correct answer is Mercury poisoning.

Key Points

• Minamata disease, sometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.
• It is methylmercury (MeHg) poisoning that occurred in humans who ingested fish and shellfish contaminated by MeHg discharged in wastewater.
• Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision, and damage to hearing and speech.

Additional Information

• Itai-Itai, which literally translates to ‘it hurts, it hurts’ is the name given to cadmium poisoning.
• The disease Itai-Itai is caused by Cadmium.
• This name was given to the disease by the locals of Toyama Prefecture of Japan in 1912.
• This disease was recognized as the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.
• Cadmium is a naturally occurring toxic heavy metal.
• It is an extremely toxic industrial and environmental pollutant classified as a human carcinogen.
• It is used in the manufacturing of NiCd rechargeable batteries.

The correct answer is 51A.

Key Points

In 1976, the 42^nd Amendment to the Constitution was passed. Among other things, this amendment inserted a list of Fundamental Duties of Citizens. 

• Fundamental duties come under Part IVA and Article 51A.
• These duties are statutory and are not enforceable by law but are taken into account by the courts while adjudicating any matter.
• Fundamental Duties in the Constitution are inspired by USSR.
• List of Fundamental Duties of India
  • To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
  • To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
  • To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India;
  • To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
  • To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
  • To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
  • To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures;
  • To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
  • To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
  • To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement;
  • Who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as the case may be, ward between the age of six to fourteen years.

Additional Information

• Article 50 deals with the Separation of the judiciary from the executive.
• Article 52 deals with the President of India.
• Article 53 deals with the executive power of the Union.

The correct answer is Australia.

Key Points

• Scientists have discovered the world's largest plant growing underwater in Western Australia.
• According to a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the plant, discovered at Shark Bay, is believed to span as much as 200 square kilometres.
• The plant is a single clone of "Posidonia australis" seagrass and the largest known example of a clone in any environment on Earth.

Additional Information

• Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
• Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country.
• Australia: 
  • Capital: Canberra
  • Prime minister: Anthony Albanese
  • Currency: Australian dollar

The correct answer is Calcium.

Plaster of Paris (POP) it is used to be manufactured by heating gypsum at 150° C

CaSO₄.2H₂O+ Heat → CaSO₄.5H₂O + 1.5H₂O.

• On heating gypsum at 423 K, it loses water molecule and becomes calcium sulfate hemihydrate.
• When it becomes hard on cast over a fractured bone then it cannot be reversed.
• Hence cannot be reversed is the correct answer.
• Application of Plaster of Paris is as follows
  1. It is used as a building material as a protective coating on walls and ceilings.
  2. It is used as a moulding and vesting agent for decorative elements.
  3. It is also used for aesthetic touch to the construction elements.
  4. It is also field as plaster in orthopaedics and as a filling material by dentists, etc.

Mistake Points

• Gypsum is an ore of Calcium (Ca). The chemical formula of Gypsum is CaSO₄. 2H₂O.
• Gypsum is mainly used as a fertilizer, as the main constituent in plaster, chalk etc.
• The plaster of Paris on mixing with water produces gypsum.
• Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate (CaSO₄·1/2 H₂O) on hydration leads to the crystallization of gypsum calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO₄·2H₂O).

The correct answer is Buddhism.

Key Points

• The Jataka tales depict stories related to the Gautama Buddha in both human and animal forms.
• The Jataka is a collection of stories about the previous birth life of Gautam Buddha.
  • The future Buddha may appear as a king, an outcast, a god, an elephant but, in whatever form, he exhibits some virtue that the tale thereby inculcates.
• The literary text called the Jataka contains more than 500 tales and constitutes the tenth book of the fifteen texts written in the ancient Indic language of Pali.
• Buddhism :
  • It is one of the world's largest religions and originated 2,500 years ago in India.
    • It is an Indian religion based on a series of original teachings attributed to the Gautama Buddha. 
• These stories were written in Pali and Sanskrit languages.

Additional Information

• Sikhism: 
  • Sikhism is an Indian religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century CE.
  • The purpose of Sikhism is to meditate on the name of God and to explore the wonder of the earth in communion with all people.
• Jainism:
  • Jainism traditionally known as Jain Dharma is an ancient Indian religion.
  • It is centered on the life and teachings of Mahavira.
  • The three guiding principles of Jainism, the 'three jewels', are right belief, right knowledge, and right conduct.
• Hinduism : 
  • It is an Indian religion and dharma or way of life.
  • It is the world's third-largest religion, with over 1.2 billion followers.
  • It is the most widely professed faith in India, Nepal, and Mauritius.

The correct answer is two pairs only.

Key Points

Method of Ore Concentration:

• Froth floatation:
  • It is used for sulfide ores.
  • It is based on the wetting property. Hence pair 1 is incorrect.
  • Pine oil is used as a foaming agent to reduce surface tension.
• Magnetic Separation:
  • ​It is used when either ore or impurities are magnetic in character. Hence pair 2 is correct.
  • Magnetic separations use natural magnetic properties between minerals in the feed.
  • The separation is between economic ore constituents, noneconomic contaminants and gangue.
  • Magnetite and ilmenite can be separated from the nonmagnetic RFM of host rock as valuable products or as contaminants.
• Leaching:
  • It is used for ores that are soluble in the solvent while impurities are insoluble. Hence pair 3 is incorrect.
  • The metal gets dissolved in the solution.
  • We separate the metal and the insoluble gangue.
  • Example: Ore of Au, Al, and Ag.
• Levitation:
  • It is also known as gravity separation or hydraulic washing.
  • It is used to separate the lighter gangue from heavy ores. Hence pair 4 is correct.
  • It is based on the weight of the concerned particles