Prime Minister of India is the chairman of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) established in 1942, is an autonomous body and India’s largest research and development (R&D) organisation, with 37 laboratories and 39 field stations or extension centres spread across the nation, with a collective staff of over 17,000. It operates as an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of 1860

Mars is known as the red planet because it looks red from Earth. The reddish color comes from high concentration of iron oxide compounds that is rust—in the rocks of the Martian surface.

Phobos and Deimos are the natural satellites of Mars.

The inability to see the distant objects clearly and distinctly is called short sightedness or Myopia. This defect arises when the image is formed infront of the retina. A short sighted person can see near objects clearly. This may arise due to either excessive curvature of the cornea or elongation of the eyeball. This defect is corrected by wearing glasses with a concave lens.

The inability to see near objects clearly and distinctly is called long sightedness or Hypermetropia. This defect arises when the image is formed behind the retina. This defect may arise due to shortening of eye ball. A long sighted person can see the distant objects clearly. This defect is corrected by wearing spectacles with convex lens (converging) of appropriate focal length. A converging lens will correct this defect by converging the incoming rays so that the image is formed on the retina.

Sirius is the Brightest star in the sky.

Kepler proposed Laws of planetary motion. These three laws describes the behavior of planets in the heliocentric model;

The three laws of Kepler can be stated as follows:

1. Law of orbits: All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun situated at one of the foci of the ellipse
2. Law of areas: The line that joins any planet to the sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
3. Law of periods: The Square of the time period of revolution of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the ellipse traced out by the planet. The law of areas can be understood as a consequence of conservation of angular momentum which is valid for any central force

Photochromatic or Photochromic glass acquires a darker shade when exposed to bright light and returns to its original lighter shade in dim light. This happens because silver halides (iodide or chloride)  is added to this glass

Under Project 75, six Scorpene submarines are being built with assistance and technology transfer from DCNS of France under deal signed in October 2005. The Project 75I-class submarine is a follow-on of the Project 75 Kalvari-class submarine for the Indian navy.

INS Vikramaditya is the country’s sole aircraft carrier (after retirement of INS Viraat in March 2017). It was built in 1987 and had served the Soviet navy (named as Baku). It was later renamed Admiral Gorshkov under the Russian navy.

There is a large gap in between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This gap is occupied by a large number of small objects that revolve around the Sun. These are called asteroids.

Chandrayaan was launched on October 22nd 2008 and successfully reached the lunar surface on November 14, 2008. The ISRO lost communication with Chandrayaan-1 on August 29, 2009, almost a year after it was launched on October 22, 2008. It operated for 312 days.

In 2017 NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) have found India’s first lunar probe, Chandrayaan-1 which was considered lost, is still orbiting the moon.