Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
It’s been quite a challenge in recent decade in Indian agriculture, starved of financial resources and continuing neglect by the government, and is likely to become more difficult over the next few decades as weather patterns, available water and growing seasons shift further. Climate change has contributed to the suicides of nearly 60,000 Indian farmers over the past three decades.
Against this backdrop, technology is increasingly being seen as a solution for __________ agriculture. In India, "agtech" startups are introducing artificial intelligence, computer vision and aerial imagery analytics to make farming processes more efficient and lead to better decisions for improving yield and productivity.
“China has almost 40% less water availability and a smaller average land holding than India, but their productivity is almost double than India. There’s a lot of scope to increase agricultural productivity in India by using technology in crop selection, package of practices and pest and disease management,” says Tauseef Khan, co-founder of Gramophone. The startup uses agronomic intelligence to provide farmers with information that allows them to better tailor what they do to crops to conditions on the ground.
“Providing inputs to farmers during their entire cropping cycle, including crop and soil management and better price realization, led to remarkable result,” adds Khan. The startup claims to have reached more than 50,000 farmers in central India's Madhya Pradesh state, achieving increased yields of 40% for garlic.
A potentially transformative new technology developed by another startup, integrating remote sensing service, machine learning, and cloud computing, shows how innovation often comes from solutions developed in other sectors.
India's rain-dependent agriculture, although accounts for less than 15% of gross domestic product, is the main source of livelihood for almost half of its workforce. It’s a market ripe for innovation. Last year, agtech startups Skymet, EM3 and Agrostar raised $10 million each in funding rounds. There is big money, but there are bigger challenges.
“Crop pricing, credit access for machinery, frequent droughts, degrading soil quality, too many middlemen in the supply chain and lack of timely support from government are the main challenges. If agriculture is to have any chance of answering these challenges, new and improved technologies “to create better market linkages, addressing all micro and macroeconomic problems is crucial,” says Raju.