Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks each of which has been numbered. These numbers correspond to the question numbers. Against each question, five words have been suggested, one of which would fill the blank appropriately. Mark the suitable word as the answer.
It’s fair to say that John Maynard Keynes got it wrong when he (1) in a 1930 essay that in the future we’d all be working 15-hour weeks and living a life of leisure the rest of the time. While there are cultures that seem less invested in the rat race – France, for instance, has limited its working week to 35 hours since, and Swedes (2) a six-hour working day, many of us feel the pressure of presenteeism and a 24-hour work culture. The worst part of all this? Email. Irrespective of the working hours, when you do finally get home, you check your email.
The economic principle of competition has (3) almost every area of social and personal life, which disempowers and isolates us in so many ways.
We’re not only competing against others but against our own performance as well. Mere consistency or dependability on the job is no longer acceptable. This is why the possibility of down time for rest or regeneration is incompatible with current economic demands and expectations.
Wherever one works now, it’s (4) that one fully internalises the demand for maximum performance regardless of the toll it might take on one’s health, family or sanity. One is expected to fashion one’s existence as something perpetually flexible and adaptable.
Flexitime, which was introduced to (5) the worker, is almost made redundant when, no matter what hours or arrangements an employee has, the expectation still seems to be, as Crary notes, that all workers are constantly available.