● The zamindars held extensive personal lands termed milkiyat, meaning property. Milkiyat lands were cultivated for the private use of zamindars, often with the help of hired or servile labour. The zamindars could sell, bequeath or mortgage these lands at will.

● Peshkash was a form of tribute collected by the Mughal state.

● Most zamindars had fortresses (qilachas) as well as an armed contingent comprising units of cavalry, artillery and infantry.

● The forest was considered as a place of refuge (mawas) for troublemakers.

Hence Option A is correct.

● Women and men had to work shoulder to shoulder in the fields. The more commercialized the product, the greater the demand on women’s labor to produce it.

● High mortality rates among women – owing to malnutrition, frequent pregnancies, death during childbirth – often meant a shortage of wives. Thus, Marriages in many rural communities required the payment of bride-price rather than dowry to the bride’s family. Remarriage was considered legitimate both among divorced and widowed women.

● Hindu and Muslim women inherited zamindaris which they were free to sell or mortgage. Women zamindars were known in eighteenth-century Bengal.

Hence Option C is correct.

● Zamindars or High caste land owning families remunerated blacksmiths, carpenters, even goldsmiths for their work by paying them “a small daily allowance and diet money”. This system came to be described as the ‘Jajmani System’.

● Such evidence is interesting because it indicates the intricate ways in which exchange networks operated at the micro-level of the village. Cash remuneration was not entirely unknown either.

Hence Option D is correct.

● Maize (makka) was introduced into India via Africa and Spain and by the seventeenth century it was being listed as one of the major crops of western India.

● Vegetables like tomatoes, potatoes and chillies were introduced from the New World at this time, as were fruits like the pineapple and the papaya. 

Hence Option C is correct.

● Sources of the seventeenth century refer to two kinds of peasants – khud-kashta and pahi-kashta.

● The former were residents of the village in which they held their lands. The latter were non-resident cultivators who belonged to some other village, but cultivated lands elsewhere on a contractual basis.

● People became pahi-kashta either out of choice – for example, when terms of revenue in a distant village were more favourable – or out of compulsion – for example, forced by economic distress after a famine.

Hence Option A is correct.

● Statement 1 is correct, The village panchayat was an assembly of elders, usually important people of the village with hereditary rights over their property.The decisions made by these panchayats were binding on the members.

● Statement 2 is correct, The panchayat was headed by a headman known as muqaddam or mandal. One important function of the panchayat was to ensure that caste boundaries among the various communities inhabiting the village were upheld.

Hence Option C is correct.

● Polaj is land which is annually cultivated for each crop in succession and is never allowed to lie fallow.

● Parauti is land left out of cultivation for a time that it may recover its strength.

● Chachar is land that has lain fallow for three or four years.

● Banjar is land uncultivated for five years and more.

Hence Option A is correct.

● An Italian Physician, Gemelli Careri visited India in 1695 AD during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. He gave an account of the military organization and administration of the Mughal empire.

● He also provided a graphic account about the way silver traveled across the globe to reach India. It also gives us an idea of the phenomenal amounts of cash and commodity transactions in seventeenth-century India.

Hence Option B is correct.

● The Suyurghal word has been taken from Mughal Empire history.

● The Suyurghal were called ‘grants of revenue in charity’.

● The book, Ain-i-akbari or mulk-abadi, is the one which deals with the fiscal side of the empire and provides rich quantitative information on revenue rates, followed by the “Account of the Twelve Provinces”.

Hence Option C is correct.

● The "Akbarnama" was written by Abul Fazal. It is a three-part biography of the third Mughal Emperor, Akbar.

● Inayat Khan was a historian during the Mughal Empire. In his work the Shahjahannama, he chronicled the life of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

● The first ten years of Aurangzeb’s rule are chronicled in Alamgir Nama written by Muhammad Kazim.

● Abdul Hamid Lahori is known as the author of the Badshah Nama.

Hence Option C is correct.