Jamuna is correct answer.

Key Points

The river Brahmaputra has three different names:

• Bangladesh's Jamuna
• Tibet's Tsangpo-Brahmaputra and Yarlung Tsangpo rivers

Brahmaputra River system:

• The Brahmaputra River flows from Mansarovar Lake, which also serves as a source for the Indus and Sutlej rivers. The river runs about 3848 kilometers. The majority of the river flows outside of India.
• In the east, it flows parallel to the Himalayan range.
• When it arrives at Namcha Barwa, it makes a U-turn and enters the country. Arunachal Pradesh is a state in India.
• The river is also known as the Dihang River in India.
• It flows through Arunachal Pradesh and Assam and is joined by other tributaries.
• In Assam, the Brahmaputra has a braided channel that runs the length of the river.
• The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta is the earth's greatest delta. The Ganges Brahmaputra is referred to as the Ganges Delta, the Sunderban Delta, or the Bengal Delta. This massive delta is formed by the country's three largest rivers, the Ganga, the river Brahmaputra, and the Megna.

Additional Information

Meghna River 

• The Meghna River is one of Bangladesh's major rivers, noted for its large estuary, which discharges the waters of the Ganges-Padma, the Brahmaputra-Jamuna, and the Meghna itself.
• The Meghna River flows downstream from Ajmiriganj on the Surma River. The situation would be simpler if one of the two Surma-Meghna waterways was known as the dhaleshwari from Madna downstream for roughly 26 km (in a straight line).
• The Surma is the name given to the channel that runs from Ajmiriganj to the confluence of the Dhanu.
• This confluence is located five kilometers east of Kuliarchar and five kilometers north of Bhairab Bazar. The river is known as the Meghna downstream of this point.

Surma River:

• On the southern slopes of the Naga-Manipur watershed, the Surma River rises as the barak. Within the Cachhar district of Assam, India, the Barak divides into two streams.
• The northern branch, Surma, flows west and then southwest to Sylhet. Beyond Sylhet, it flows northwest and west to Sunamganj town, then southwest and south to Madna, where it meets the Kushiyara, the Barak's second branch.
• Several rivers and streams run south from the Meghalaya Plateau. Lubha, Hari (Kushia), Goyain Gang (Chengar Khal), piyain, Bogapani, Jadukata, Shomeshwari, and kangsa are the rivers from east to west.

Karnafuli River:

• The Karnafuli River is the largest and most important river in Chittagong and the Chittagong hill regions, originating in the Mizoram state of India's Lushai hills.
• It runs over 180 kilometers of hilly terrain, making a narrow loop at Rangamati and then zigzagging before forming two other notable loops, the Dhuliachhari and the Kaptai.
• The Rangamati and Dhuliachhari loops are currently beneath the Kaptai earth-filled dam's reservoir. The hydroelectric dam is located right before the river enters the Kaptai loop.
• After exiting the Kaptai circle, the river follows another convoluted course through the Sitapahar hill range until emerging from the hills near Chandraghona and flowing across the plain of Chittagong.

sex ratio is correct answer.

Key Points

• Birth Rate, Death Rate, and Migration are the three basic components of population increase.
• The number of live births per thousand people in a year is referred to as the birth rate. It is an important component of growth because birth rates in India have always been greater than death rates.
• The number of fatalities per thousand people in a year is referred to as the mortality rate, while migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Internal or international migration is possible.
• Internal migration has little effect on population size, but it does affect population distribution inside a country. Migration has a considerable impact on the composition and distribution of the population.

Additional Information

• The number of females per thousand males in a given population is referred to as the sex ratio. This ratio is crucial in a variety of population-related investigations. It is influenced by the female's reproductive capacity. Infertility caused by mutation or genetic reasons may disrupt the sex ratio.
• The term "sex ratio" refers to the number of females per 1000 males. Sex ratio is a useful resource for determining the population of women in India and the ratio of women to males in India.
• According to the 2011 Population Census, the population ratio in India is 940 females for every 1000 males. From the census 2001 data, the Sex Ratio 2011 shows an increased trend.
• According to the 2001 census, there were 933 females for every 1000 males. Since decades, India has seen a fall in the sex ratio 2011, however there has been a minor increase in the sex ratio in the previous two decades.

Nepal is correct answer.

Key Points

• The Kosi River originates in Nepal's Himalayas and enters India through Bhimnagar in Bihar.
• The floods that occur in it inflict widespread devastation in Bihar, earning it the moniker "Bihar's Curse."
• If we look at its geographical shape, we can see that it has grown by 120 km in the last 250 years.
• The river Kosi, sometimes known as the Koshi, is known as Bihar's grief.
• The Koshi River runs for roughly 720 kilometers and drains an area of around 74,500 square kilometers in Tibet, Nepal, and Bihar.

Additional Information

• The river Kosi, sometimes known as the Koshi, is known as Bihar's grief. The Koshi River runs for roughly 720 kilometers and drains an area of around 74,500 square kilometers in Tibet, Nepal, and Bihar.
• The river earned the moniker "Bihar's Sorrow" due to the annual floods that ravage the state during the rainy season.
• The flood damages agricultural land and devastates the rural economy. Floods induced by this river affect an area of approximately 21,000 km2.

Reasons for dubbing the Koshi River "Bihar's Sorrow"

• The Koshi has an average water flow discharge of around 2,166 cubic metres per second (76,500 cubic feet per second).
• During floods, the flow can increase by up to 18 times the average.
• On August 24, 1954, the largest recorded flood was 24,200 m3/s (850,000 cu ft/s).
• The Koshi Barrage is designed to handle a maximum flood of 27,014 m3/s (954,000 cu ft/s).
• In a corner of the world where agricultural land is in high demand, the Koshi's alluvial fan boasts good soil and abundant groundwater.
• The fertile soil and ample groundwater of the Koshi's alluvial basin are in high demand, and floods ruin all of these alluvial basins.

Jwar, Millet and Ragi is correct answer.

Key Points

• Coarse grains are a vast subset of various short-season warm-weather (Kharif) crops such as Jowar (Sorghum), Bajra (Pearl Millet), Maize, Ragi (Finger Millet), and others.
• With its diverse agricultural endowments in terms of soil, rainfall, and climate, India has an abundance of crop diversification. 
• Because coarse grains have various drought tolerance properties, they are commonly grown in drought prone locations to provide food for human consumption, feed & fodder for animals and poultry, fuel, and industrial purposes. 
• It helps to generate employment in low rainfall locations where other alternative crops are limited during drought circumstances. 
• As a reliable source of revenue, these coarse cereals play a more important role in crisis situations.

Additional Information

• Because of their high protein, vitamins and minerals like iron content, and calcium and magnesium content, coarse grains are more cost-effective and nutritionally superior to wheat and rice.
• Coarse grains help protect against nutritional deficit, particularly in children and women. Its high iron content can help combat the high frequency of anemia in Indian reproductive-age women and newborns.
• Antioxidants are abundant in coarse grains.
• Coarse grains can also help with lifestyle and health issues including obesity and diabetes.
• Coarse grains are resistant to global climate change and can flourish in poor soils.

The correct answer is Nilgiri hills

Key Points

• Doddabetta, at 2,637 meters, is the highest peak in the Nilgiri Mountains. Around the top, there is a forest reserve. On the Ooty-Kotagiri Road in the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu, India

The correct answer is Coal.

Key Points 

• Renewable energy is also known as clean energy which is obtained from natural sources and can be replenished.
• Solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, biomass energy, geothermal energy, energy from waste and tidal energy are examples of renewable sources of energy.
• Energy is free in nature, some are infinitely available, called sustainably, and some are called non-renewable.
• It is our duty to ensure that sustainable and non-renewable technology is used properly.
• Non-renewable electricity is a finite resource that can inevitably run out over time.
• Non-renewable energy does not regenerate itself at a reasonable pace for sustainable economic extraction within meaningful human timeframes.
• Non-renewable energy is fossil fuel energy, such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, and uranium.
• Unlike renewable energy, non-renewable energy requires human interference to make it suitable for use.
• Fossil fuels are thought to have been produced more than 300 million years ago when the planet was very different in its landscape.
• Types of Non-renewable resources:
  • Fuels which are formed by remains of animals and plants
  • Divided into further three categories: Natural Gas, Oil, and Coal
  • Thermal Electricity uses Coal for heat production and converts that heat into electricity.
  • Nuclear fuels: The use of fission-based nuclear energy requires naturally occurring radioactive material as a reactor.
    • Uranium is the most natural fission fuel and is found in the soil at extremely low concentrations and extracted in 19 countries.
    • Nuclear power generates approximately 6 % of the world's oil and 13-14% of the world's electricity.

Additional Information 

• The difference between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.

The correct answer is a Semi-arid steppe climate.

Key Points

• BShw denotes a Hot Semi-Arid Steppe climate according to Köppen's climate classification scheme.
• This climate type is characterized by hot summers with average temperatures above 22°C (72°F) and cold winters with average temperatures below 18°C (64°F).
• The annual precipitation in this climate type is generally low, ranging from 250 to 500 millimeters (10 to 20 inches).
• In India, the BShw climate is found in some rain shadow portions of the Western Ghats, a considerable portion of Rajasthan, and adjoining areas of Haryana and Gujarat.

Additional Information

• India's Köppen climate classification map reveals a diverse distribution of climate types, with the majority of the country falling under the Aw (Tropical Savanna) and Am (Tropical Monsoon) categories.
  • Aw (Tropical Savanna): Predominantly found in central and southern India, characterized by warm temperatures throughout the year, with a distinct wet and dry season.
  • Am (Tropical Monsoon): Located along the coastal regions of India, marked by consistently warm temperatures and a pronounced monsoon season with heavy rainfall.
  • BShw (Hot Semi-Arid Steppe): Found in some rain shadow portions of the Western Ghats and parts of Rajasthan, characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and low precipitation.
  • Cwg (Tropical Monsoon with Dry Winters): Predominant in the northern Ganga Plains, characterized by warm summers, mild winters, and a distinct dry winter season.
  • Dfc (Cold, Humid Winters with Short Summer): Found in the Himalayan foothills and parts of Jammu and Kashmir, characterized by warm summers, cold winters, and moderate precipitation.

The correct answer is i-a, ii-c, iii-b, iv-d.

Key Points

• Forests of Himalayan Coniferous:
  • Located in the northern regions of India, especially in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir
  • Characterized by the presence of coniferous trees such as pine, deodar, and fir
  • Example: The Deodar forests in Himachal Pradesh
  • Examples of Vegetation: Pine, Deodar, Fir
• Deciduous-Dry Forests:
  • Found in the central and western parts of India, including states like Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan
  • Dominated by trees that shed their leaves during the dry season
  • Example: The teak forests in Madhya Pradesh
  • Examples of Vegetation: Teak, Terminalia, Sal, Neem
• Mangrove Delta Forests:
  • Located in the coastal regions of India, particularly in the Sundarbans delta in West Bengal
  • Composed of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs adapted to the brackish water of the delta
  • Example: The Sundarbans mangrove forests of West Bengal
  • Examples of Vegetation: Avicennia, Sundari Trees, Rhizophara
• Evergreen North-east Forests:
  • Found in the northeastern states of India, including Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya
  • Characterized by dense foliage and a wide variety of plant species that remain green throughout the year
  • Example: The tropical rainforests of Meghalaya
  • Examples of Vegetation: Orchids, Bamboo, Ferns
• Western Ghats Forests:
  • Situated along the western coast of India, spanning states like Kerala, Karnataka, and Maharashtra
  • Known for their rich biodiversity and unique species of flora and fauna
  • Example: The tropical evergreen forests of the Western Ghats
  • Examples of Vegetation: Rosewood, Sandalwood, Mahagany

The correct answer is Vummidi Bangaru Chetty.

Key Points

• Sengol:
  • The “sengol” sceptre is a long, stick-like item made of silver and covered in gold.
  • It has a carving of a bull, called a Nandi, at the top.
  • It represents the idea that the person who holds it should rule with fairness and justice.
  • This is done to remind everyone about the importance of fair and just leadership in the country.
  • It is believed to have a connection to the Chola dynasty, an ancient kingdom in Tamil Nadu.
  • The word ‘Sengol’ is derived from the Tamil word ‘semmai,’ which means excellence, the ‘Sengol’ represents the embodiment of power and authority.
  • The concept of the Sengol ceremony was introduced by C Rajagopalachari (also known as Rajaji), the last Governor-General of India, who described it as an ancient ceremony from the Chola dynasty used to signify the transfer of power. 
  • It was crafted by Vummidi Bangaru Chetty.

The correct answer is the France.

Key Points

• Le Corbusier was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture.
• He was born in Switzerland and became a French citizen in 1930.
• His career spanned five decades, and he designed buildings in Europe, Japan, India, and North and South America.
• Le Corbusier prepared the master plan for the city of Chandigarh in India and contributed specific designs for several buildings there, especially the government buildings.

Additional Information