The Sansthana and Sanchari terms were related to Espionage Service.

• The Sansthana was referred to Stationary spies.

• The Sanchari was referred to spies who moved from place to place and collects information.

• Gudhapurushas were the detectives or secret agents.

• There were also female agents called as Vishakanyas.

• During the seventh century, there were big landlords in different regions of the Indian subcontinent. They were identified as Samantas. They used to bring gifts for their kings, used to present at their courts and provide them with military support.

• Generally, Samanta used to build a fortified palace in or near these towns. They levied taxes on traders, artisans and articles of trade and sometimes gave the right to collect these taxes to local temples, which were built by them or by rich merchants.

• As samantas gained power and wealth, they declared themselves to be maha-samanta and sometimes, they asserted their independence from their overlords.

Laitlum Canyon is located in Meghalaya.

• Laitlum literally means ‘End of the World’ and is located in the east of Khasi Hills.

• Gangani Grand Canyon is located in West Bengal.

• Spiti Valley is located in Himachal Pradesh.

• Papi Hills Canyon is located in Andhra Pradesh.

• Sandhan Valley is located in Maharashtra.

Named after the trident of Lord Shiva, Trishul is a group of three imposing peaks of western Kumaon near the Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand. The main peak, Trishul I, is notable for being the first peak over 7,122 metres to have ever been climbed way back in 1907. Trishul II and Trishul III were first climbed in 1960 by a Yugoslav team from the Bidalgwar Glacier.

The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced, for the first time, bicameralism, and direct elections in the country. It further required that the three of the six members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council (other than the Commander-in-Chief) were to be Indian. It also provided for the establishment of a public service commission.

Article 21: Right to life and personal liberty is available to both citizens and non-citizens.

Its ambit has been expanded by the SC from time to time. The Article has undergone interpretations in various cases like Gopalan Case (1950), Menaka Case (1978), etc.

As formally enshrined in the Article 21 of the Constitution, no person shall be deprived of his life and personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

The Article has undergone various interpretations in this regard.

In Menaka Case (1978), the SC ruled that that the right to life and personal liberty of a person can be deprived by a law, provided the procedure prescribed by that law is reasonable, fair and just.

In other words, it has introduced the American expression "due process of law". In effect, the protection under Article 21 should be available not only against arbitrary executive action but also against arbitrary legislative action.

Rajbala v. Haryana (2015), a two-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India strongly rejected the doctrine of substantive due process in India.

In cases like Ramlila Maidan Incident (2012) and Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), SC has repeatedly held that substantive due process and due process generally are a part of the Indian Constitutional Law under Article 21 of the Constitution.

•The index of industrial production (IIP) is published by CSO. The Central Statistics Office (CSO) which comes under the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation.

•CSO and NSSO are now merged into the National statistical office.

•The present base year for IIP is 2011-12.

•It covers the core 8 sectors of our economy, which are –

*Cement

*Coal

*Crude oil

*Electricity

*Fertilizer

*Natural gas

*Refinery product

*Steel

* Cheetah and Golden Lion Tamarin are not found naturally in India.

* Cheetah is found naturally in two places

a) African Cheetah- IUCN status-Vulnerable-Natural habitat is African continent

b) Asiatic Cheetah- IUCN status – Critically Endangered-Natural habitat is Iran.

* Golden Lion Tamarin, also known as Golden Marmoset, is an endangered species endemic to Amazon Rain Forests.

* Flying Squirrel is found naturally in Namdapha National Park and is a critically endangered IUCN status species.

* Snow leopard is found naturally in Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand and Kanchendzonga Tawang in Sikkim.

In in-situ biodiversity conservation, the natural habitats of different species of plants and animals are protected. The establishment of biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries are some of the examples of in-situ conservation. In this type of biodiversity conservation, not only the endangered species and vulnerable species are benefitted, but also the constituent present in the ecosystem is protected. In case the natural habitat is degraded substantially, numerous species are in the category of endangered species and in-situ conservation is not possible In such cases, conservation need to be done away from the natural habitat and should be under total human supervision in places such as zoological parks (zoo), botanical gardens, and seed banks. Such efforts are known as ex-situ conservation.

• A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell.

• These are the human body's main types of immune cells.

• They are made in the bone marrow.

• Lymphocytes are found in lymph tissue & blood.

• Mainly, there are two types of lymphocytes which are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.