Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes carboxylation of pyruvate into oxaloacetate. Hexokinase is an enzyme of glycolysis and is present in the cytoplasm. RUBP carboxylase catalyzes carboxylation of RuBP during photosynthetic carbon fixation. Chloroplasts is the site of photosynthesis and contain maximum quantity of RUBP carboxylase. 

The important photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phycobilins.
As many as 8 major types of chlorophylls are known to exist in the plant kingdom- chlorophyll a, b, c, d, e, bacteriochlorophylls a and b and chlorobium chlorophyll.
The chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment and is found in all photosynthetic organisms except bacteria.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Chlorophyll e has been reported from Xanthophyta members like Vaucheria and Tribonema. It absorbs blue and red wavelengths giving peaks at 415 and 654 nm.
So, the correct answer is option D.

The photosynthesis is carried out using light energy trapped by chlorophylls. The chlorophyll pigments maximally absorb red and blue lights. The basic structure of chlorophyll molecule is porphyrin system. The chlorophyll porphyrin comprises a cyclic tetrapyrrole head to which a long phytol tail is attached. One atom of magnesium is coordinated to the center of tetrapyrrole head.

So, the correct answer is option C.

The molecular formula of bacteriochlorophyll a is C₅₅H₇₄O₆N₄Mg having molecular weight 911. Its structure is similar to chlorophyll 'a'. There is acetyl group instead of vinyl at carbon 2 position; the pyrrole rings II and IV are reduced (with 2H). It absorbs UV, violet, yellow and red lights giving peaks are 358, 391, 577 and 773 nm. It is found in all photosynthetic bacteria.

So, the correct answer is option D.

There are only two photosystems PS I and PS II. Photosynthetic bacteria have only PS I and absence of PSII makes them carry out cyclic photophosphorylation wherein H2S serves as an electron donor, rather than water, and there is no release of oxygen. The low light intensity and anaerobic conditions favor cyclic photophosphorylation. The correct answer is B.

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is an enzyme which is involved in the first step of carbon fixation and is also known as RuBisCo. It helps to combine carbon dioxide with ribulose-1,5 biphosphate. It is the most abundant protein on earth. It constitutes 16% of chloroplast protein.

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages in a cell. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage and transport molecules ATP and NADPH. The light-independent Calvin cycle uses the energy from short-lived electronically excited carriers to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds that can be used by the organism (and by animals that feed on it). This set of reactions is also called as carbon fixation. The key enzyme of the cycle is called as RuBisCO. The Calvin cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle or C3 cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. 

The cycle was discovered by Melvin Calvin, James Bassham and Andrew Benson at the University of California, Berkeley by using the radioactive isotope carbon-14.

Structure of chl-a look like tadpole.

It has Porphyrin head and phytol tail.

Porphyrin head- Size is 15×15A°. It is hydrophilic and acidic in nature. Its a tetrapyrole structure. Mg is held by 2 coordinate and 2 covalent bonds.

Phytol tail- Size is 20A° long. It is hydrophobic and alcoholic in nature. Tail remain embedded in lipid bilayer of thylakoid membrane.

So, the correct answer is ''Head 15×15A°, tail 20A°.

The molecular formula of chlorophyll c is C₃₅H₃₂O₅N₄Mg and the molecular weight is 712. It lacks phytyl esterification. Consequently, the phytol tail is absent. The pyrrole ring IV is without 2H and there is vinyl or ethyl group at carbon 4 position. It absorbs blue and orange wavelengths of the spectrum giving peaks at 447 and 579 nm. It is found in brown algae, diatoms, as also in Pyrrophyta and Cryptophyta.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Chlorophyll is light harvesting pigments found in chloroplasts. The approx concentration of chlorophyll in a chloroplast is approx 30mM. The percentage of chlorophyll in a normal chloroplast is 5 to 10 percent.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Carotenes are a type of carotenoids first isolated from roots of carrot.. These are orange coloured pigments having empirical formula C₄₀H₅₆ and molecular weight 536.

Porphyrin is a rigid, square-planar molecule made of four pyrroles (a five-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom) connecting to form a larger ring. The molecule is stabilized by the aromatic character, which extends over its entire structure.
A porphyrin has four of its nitrogen atoms facing the center, which can capture a metal ion to form a very stable organometallic complex.
It is present in chlorophyll, haemoglobin and cytochrome. By using them, biological systems carry out a wide range of chemical reactions.

Lumen of thylakoid sacs is the site of photolysis of water.
The photolysis of water occurs during light reaction. The site for occurrence of photolysis is thylakoid lumen. The photolysis of water releases protons, which accumulate in the lumen and contribute to the electrochemical gradient of protons. The electrons released are used up to fill the electron hole in the reaction centre of PSII and oxygen molecule is released as a by product of photosynthesis. 

The chlorophyll molecule is important for trapping of light in photosynthesis. The minerals magnesium and iron are an important requirement for their biosynthesis. The chlorophylls are synthesized as protochlorophyllide, which gets converted into chlorophyll on exposure to light. The succinyl-CoA, an intermediate of Krebs cycle and the amino acid glycine initiate the biosynthesis of chlorophyll a-first producing protochlorophyllide, then chlorophyllide A and ultimately chlorophyll A.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of plants and other green parts of plants like stem etc. The most active photosynthetic tissue in higher plants is the mesophyll of leaves. Mesophyll cells have many chloroplasts, which contain the specialized light-absorbing green pigments, the chlorophylls. When chlorophyll absorbs light, it gets excited and emits electrons. These chlorophylls are found in photosynthetic units called Photosystem I and Photosystem II. Each unit has a specific reaction centre which contains pigment molecules. These molecules absorb light of different wavelengths and emit electrons. Due to the photon of light, electrons of chlorophyll get excited. These electrons are picked up by an electron acceptor which passes them to an electron transport system of cytochromes. The excitement of electrons of chlorophyll b photon of light is the first step of photosynthesis.