The correct answer is Prime Minister.

Key Points

• Prime Minister is the ex-officio chairman of the NITI Aayog in India.
• NITI Aayog is an executive body, that was established by the government in 2015. through an executive resolution.
• The newly created body replaced the erstwhile planning body- Planning Commission of India.

Additional Information

• The term NITI stands for National Institution for Transforming India.
• NITI Aayog is a think tank that advises the government in policy formulation, unlike the PC which was empowered to allocate distribute funds for the planning.
• NITI Aayog's main focus areas are cooperative & competitive federalism, decentralised planning, scenario planning, capacity building etc.
• Full-Time Organisational Framework:
  • Chairman: Prime Minister
  • Vice Chairperson: Appointed by the Prime Minister.
  • Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
  • Full-Time members
  • Part-time members: maximum 2
  • Ex-officio members: maximum 4
• Structure:
  • Chairman: The Prime Minister.
  • Governing Council: comprising of chief ministers and Lt. Governors.
  • Regional Council
  • Special Invitees: Experts and practitioners as appointed by the Prime Minister.

The correct answer is 284.

• The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and the members appended their signatures to it on 24 January 1950.
• In all, 284 members signed the Constitution. 

Key Points

• The Constituent Assembly:
  • ​The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India.
  • During this period, it held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days.
  • Of these, 114 days were spent on the consideration of the Draft Constitution.
  • As to its composition, members were chosen by indirect election by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies. 
  • According to the scheme recommended by the Cabinet Mission. The arrangement was:
    • 292 members were elected through the Provincial Legislative Assemblies;
    • 93 members represented the Indian Princely States; and
    • 4 members represented the Chief Commissioners' Provinces.
  • The total membership of the Assembly thus was to be 389.
• However, as a result of the partition under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June 1947, a separate Constituent Assembly was set up for Pakistan.
• As a result, the membership of the Assembly was reduced to 299.

Additional Information

• The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.
• On that day, the Assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into the Provisional Parliament of India until a new Parliament was constituted in 1952.
• Sessions of the Constituent Assembly:
  • ​First Session: 9-23 December 1946
  • Eleventh Session: 14-26 November 1949
  • The Assembly met once again on 24 January 1950, when the members appended.

The correct answer is the State list.

Key Points 

• The subject of ‘Local Governance’ is mentioned in the State List under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.
• Seventh Schedule- Article 246 consists of the following 3 Lists:
  • List-I -Union List
  • List-II -State List
  • List-III-Concurrent List
• Panchayati Raj
  • Panchayati Raj is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.
  • It consisted of the Panchayati Raj institutions through which the self-government of villages is realized.
  • Part IX of the Indian Constitution is the section of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats.
  • The Panchayats must include members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the same proportion as in the general population.
  • One-third of all seats and chairperson posts must be reserved for women, in some states half of all seats and chairperson posts.
  • The modern Panchayati Raj system was introduced in India by the 73rd constitutional amendment in 1992 and added as an Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution.
  • The Panchayati Raj now functions as a system of governance in which gram panchayats are the basic units of local administration.
• State list 
  • ​The State List or List-II is a list of 61 items Schedule Seven of the Constitution of India. 
  • The State List consists of the subjects that are handled and seen by the state government, such as Forest, Banking, transportation, etc.

Additional Information

• Concurrent list: The Concurrent list consists of the subjects that are seen and controlled by both the State and the Union government.
• Union list: The Union list details the subjects on which Parliament may make laws.​
• Residuary Power:
  • Residuary Power is special power given by the Constitution to the Union Government.
  • The Parliament has powers to make any law with respect to any matter which is not a part of the Concurrent List or State List.

The correct answer is Article 5-11.

• Article 5-11 of the constitution of India deals with provisions related to citizenship in India.

Key Points

• During the commencement of the Indian Constitution, each person who has his or her domicile in the territory of India and :
  • who was born in the Indian territory; or
  • either of whose parents was born in the Indian territory; or
  •  An individual who has been ordinarily resident in the Indian territory for at least 5 years immediately preceding such commencement, shall be a citizen of India. 

Additional Information

• Article 1-4 deals with the provision related to The Union and its territory.
• Article 12-35 deals with Fundamental Rights provided to citizens and non-citizen In India.
• Article 36-51 mentions the directive principle of state policy.

The correct answer is Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Key Points

• India's first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru holds the record for being the longest Prime Minister of the country.
• Jawaharlal Nehru holds the record of being Prime Minister from August 5, 1947, to May 27, 1964 (16 years and 286 days).

Additional Information

• Indira Gandhi -
  • Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of the country.
  • Indira Gandhi holds the record for being Prime Minister for 5,829 days.
  • She remained the PM continuously from 24 January 1966 to 24 March 1977 (11 years, 59 days).
  • After this, she remained PM for the second time from 14 January 1980 to 31 October 1984.
  • That is, she remained in the post of PM again for 4 years and 291 days before being murdered.
• Rajiv Gandhi -
  • Rajiv Gandhi was the youngest Prime Minister of India.
  • Rajiv Gandhi was born on 20 August 1944 in Bombay.
  • Rajiv Gandhi was the sixth Prime Minister of India (31 October 1984 - 2 December 1991).​
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee -
  • Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Bajpayee, who was the Prime Minister of the country three times, remained in the position of Prime Minister for only 2,272 days.
  • Atal Ji ranks fourth among the leaders who have been the PM of the country for the longest time.
  • Atal Ji became PM for the first time for only 16 days.
  • He was sworn in for the first time on 16 May 1996 and on 1 June 1996 had to resign due to the fall of the government by one vote.
  • Then Vajpayee held the post of Prime Minister from 19 March 1998 to 22 May 2004 i.e. 6 years 54 days.​

The correct answer is V Narahari Rao.

Key Points

• V. Narahari is the first CAG of India.
  • V. Narahari Rao was an Indian civil servant who served the Indian Audit and Accounts Service in post-independence India.
  • He served as the first Comptroller and Auditor General of India from 1948 to 1954.
  • The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1954, for his contributions to civil service.

Additional Information

• Present CAG is G. C. Murmu.
  • He assumed office on 8 August 2020. 

The correct answer is 42nd Amendment.

Key Points

• The 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India was enacted in the year 1976.
• It is officially known as the Constitution Act, 1976.
• It was enacted during the Emergency by the Indian National Congress Head Indira Gandhi.
• It is considered the most controversial Constitutional Amendments in Indian history.
• Added three new Directive Principles viz., equal justice and free legal aid, the participation of workers in the management of industries, and protection of the environment, forests, and wildlife.
• Provided for the creation of the All-India Judicial Service.
  Shortened the procedure for disciplinary action by taking away the right of a civil servant to make representation at the second stage after the inquiry (i.e., on the penalty proposed).
• It is often called a "mini-Constitution" or the "Constitution of Indira".

The correct answer is option 2 i.e, ​Kolkata.

Key Points

• The judicial capital of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands is Kolkata.
• Andaman and Nicobar island was the first union territory of India.
  • Capital and largest city: Port Blair.
  • Lieutenant Governor: Admiral Devendra Kumar Joshi.
  • Barren Island is in Andaman and Nicobar.
  • Important tribal people of Andaman: Onge, Jarawa, Sentinelese.
  • The channel that operates Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 10-degree channel.
• Guwahati high court has the ​largest jurisdiction in terms of states, with its area covering the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Mizoram.
• Itanagar is the capital of Arunachal Pradesh.

The correct answer is NHRC.

Key Points

• The National Human Rights Commission of India is a Statutory public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993.
• It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

Additional Information

• CAG or Comptroller and Auditor General of India is a Constitutional body. 
• CAG is also known as the watchdog of Public Purse.
• Finance Commission is the Constitutional Body. 
• Finance Commission comes under Article 280.
• Union Public Service Commission is a Constitutional Body, it is also known as the watchdog of Merit System.
• Union Public Service Commission comes under Article 315 - 323.

As of January 2022, Uttar Pradesh has the maximum number of seats in the Rajya Sabha.

• The Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh consists of 403 members elected and one nominated Anglo-Indian member for a term of five years.
• The State shall contribute 80 seats to the lower house of the Indian Parliament, Lok Sabha, and 31 seats to the upper house of the Indian Parliament, Rajya Sabha.
• Maharashtra has 19 seats in the Rajya Sabha.
• Tamil Nadu has 18 seats in the Rajya Sabha.
• Karnataka has 12 seats in the Rajya Sabha.

Important Points

• Under Article 331, the President use to nominate 2 members of the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indians Community.
• In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.
• Lok Sabha has 543 parliamentary constituencies and at present, the strength of the House is 545.
• The maximum strength of the House is 550 members - 530 members to represent the States, 20 members to represent the Union Territories.

Additional Information

Uttar Pradesh:

• Uttar Pradesh day is celebrated on 24 January.
• On 24 January 1950, the United Provinces was renamed Uttar Pradesh.
• It was formed on 1 April 1937 as the United Province.
• Uttar Pradesh has an area of 2,40,928 square km.
• Uttar Pradesh has a population of 19,9,812,341.
• Uttar Pradesh has been allocated 31 Rajya Sabha seats.
• Rajya Sabha has a maximum membership of 245.