The correct answer is ​Sirajudaula.

Key Points

Battle of Plassey -

• It is a battle fought between the East India Company force headed by Robert Clive and Siraj-Ud-Daulah (Nawab of Bengal).
• The rampant misuse by EIC officials of trade privileges annoyed Siraj.
• The continuing misconduct by EIC against Siraj-Ud-Daulah led to the battle of Plassey in 1757.
• In 1757, when Sirajudaula was defeated in the Battle of Plassey, East India Company decided to build a new fort, one that could not be easily attacked.
• Hence the correct answer is option 3.
• Calcutta had grown from three villages called Sutanati, Kolkata and Govindapur.
• The Company cleared a site in the southernmost village of Govindapur and the traders and weavers living there were asked to move out.
• Around the new Fort William, they left a vast open space which came to be locally known as the Maidan or garer-math.

Additional Information

•  
• Mir Qasim Nawab of Bengal was defeated in the Battle of Buxar.
• Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey, he gave the British to become the Nawab.

The correct answer is Bombay.

 Key Points

First spinning and weaving mill 

• In 1857, the first spinning and weaving mill in Bombay was established.
• Hence the correct answer is option 2.
• Also in 1857, Universities in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta were established.
• The first cotton mill to be established in Bombay was the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company in In1857, the First spinning and weaving mill in Bombay and by 1860 the city had become the largest cotton market in India.

The correct answer is H. St Clair Wilkins.

Key Points 

Bombay Secretariat

• Bombay Secretariat, designed by H. St Clair Wilkins Drawing from The Builder, 20 November 1875.
• Hence the correct answer is option 3.
• The Bombay Secretariat was completed in 1874 and designed by Captain Henry St. Clair Wilkins in the Venetian Gothic style.
• With its arcaded verandahs and huge gable over the west facade, it was a monument to the civic pride of Bombay's British rulers.
• The Secretariat building is one of the old architectural structures present in the prosperous city of Mumbai.
• It was designed in the Venetian Gothic style.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key PointsEuropean trading companies establish bases in India -

• The Portuguese in Panaji in 1510,
• The Dutch in Masulipatnam, 1602;
• The British in Madras in 1639, in Bombay in 1661, and in Calcutta in 1690
• The French in Pondicherry in 1673
• Hence the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information Portuguese

• Portuguese were the first among the European to come to India.
• Vasco da Gama came to India in 1498 through a sea route at Calicut.
• Calicut, Cannanore, and Cochin became the important trade centers of the Portuguese.

British East India company

• It was founded in 1599 and got the charter for trading by the queen in 1600.
• It was a joint-stock company founded by John Watts and George White for trade with Asian nations in the south and south-east.
• The company was allowed to open a factory at Surat by Jahangir in 1608. ​​

The Dutch East India company

French India Company

• The French East India Company was a commercial enterprise established on 1 September 1664.
• The French were the last to come to India. They established their first factory at Surat in 1668.
• The French East India Company was involved in a continuous fight with the British East India Company.

The correct answer is Santhals.

Key Points

• A large area of land demarcated as Damin-i-Koh in 1832 was declared as the land of the Santhals.
• The government set aside a big area in Damin-i-Koh for the Santals' habitation in 1832.
• This tract's population grew from 3,000 in 1838 to 82,795 in 1851.
• Damin-i-Koh was the name given to the forested steep portions of the Rajmahal Hills in the present-day districts of Sahebganj, Pakur, and Godda in Jharkhand, India.
• In eastern India, the Santals are the most populous group.
• The 1793 Permanent Settlement compelled landowners to increase land productivity.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points 

University Hall 

• If one way of realising this imperial vision was through town planning, the other was through embellishing cities with monumental buildings.
• Indians gave money for some of these buildings.
• The University Hall was made with money donated by Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Readymoney, a rich Parsi merchant. Hence the correct answer is option 4.
• The University Library clock tower was similarly funded by the banker Premchand Roychand and was named after his mother as Rajabai Tower. 

The correct answer is 1817.

Key PointsLottery Committee  -

• After Wellesley's departure, the work of town planning was carried on by the Lottery Committee (1817) with the help of the government.
• Hence the correct answer is option 3.
• The Lottery Committee was so named because funds for town improvement were raised through public lotteries.
• In the early decades of the nineteenth-century raising funds for the city was still thought to be the responsibility of public-minded citizens and not exclusively that of the government.
• The Lottery Committee commissioned a new map of the city so as to get a comprehensive picture of Calcutta.
• Among the Committee's major activities was road building in the Indian part of the city and clearing the riverbank of “encroachments”.
• In its drive to make the Indian areas of Calcutta cleaner, the committee removed many huts and displaced the labouring poor, who were now pushed to the outskirts of Calcutta.

The correct answer is Ganj.

Key Points 

Terms 

• Qasbah is a small town in the countryside, often the seat of a local notable.

• Ganj refers to a small fixed market.

• Hence the correct answer is option 2.

• Both qasbah and ganj dealt in cloth, fruit, vegetables and milk products.

• They provided for noble families and the army. 

• Pet is a Tamil word meaning settlement, while Puram is used for a village.

The correct answer is Peasants.

• The prolonged operation of the Permanent Settlement brought about a three-tier classification of Bengal rural society.
• While the sharecroppers and agricultural laborers were at the base of the class hierarchy, the zamindars and the jotedars were at the top, and in between these two were the self-sufficient peasants with tenancy rights in land.
• Zamindars and Jotedars constitute the top layer of the rural class structure.
• Jotedars was a class of rich peasants.
  • They were known in different areas as haoladars, gantidars, bargadars and mandals.

The correct answer is Mahalwari system.

Important Points

•  The Permanent Settlement( Zamindari System), however, created problems.
• Company officials soon discovered that the zamindars were in fact not investing in the improvement of land.
• The revenue that had been fixed was so high that the zamindars found it difficult to pay. Anyone who failed to pay the revenue lost his zamindari. Numerous zamindaris were sold off at auctions organised by the Company. 
• By the early nineteenth century many of the Company officials were convinced that the system of revenue had to be changed again.

Key Points

•  In the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh), an Englishman called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which came into effect in 1822.
• He felt that the village was an important social institution in north Indian society and needed to be preserved.
• Under his directions, collectors went from village to village, inspecting the land, measuring the fields, and recording the customs and rights of different groups.
• The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that each village (mahal) had to pay. This demand was to be revised periodically, not permanently fixed.
• The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the village headman, rather than the zamindar. This system came to be known as the Mahalwari settlement.

Additional Information

•  In the British territories in the south there was a similar move away from the idea of Permanent Settlement. The new system that was devised came to be known as the Ryotwar (or Ryotwari/Munro System).
• It was tried on a small scale by Captain Alexander Read in some of the areas that were taken over by the Company after the wars with Tipu Sultan. Subsequently developed by Thomas Munro, this system was gradually extended all over south India.
• Read and Munro felt that in the south there were no traditional zamindars. The settlement, they argued, had to be made directly with the cultivators (ryots) who had tilled the land for generations. Their fields had to be carefully and separately surveyed before the revenue assessment was made. Munro thought that the British should act as paternal father figures protecting the ryots under their charge.