Infant mortality rate is as low as 30 per thousand in China compared with 63 per thousand in India, because of better infrastructure and higher health status of its people.

False Statement Regarding China:
Population is very small
- China has the largest population in the world, with over 1.4 billion people.
- It is the most populous country on Earth, accounting for approximately 18% of the global population.
True Statements Regarding China:
Density of population is lowest
- China has a high population density, especially in urban areas.
- The country has numerous megacities with millions of residents, contributing to a significant population concentration.
Sex ratio is biased and low
- China has a skewed sex ratio due to the historical preference for male children and the implementation of the one-child policy.
- The preference for male heirs has led to higher rates of female infanticide and sex-selective abortions, resulting in a lower sex ratio.
Fertility rate is low
- China's fertility rate has declined significantly over the years.
- The one-child policy, which was in place from 1979 to 2015, aimed to limit population growth and resulted in a lower fertility rate.
- However, even after the policy was relaxed, the fertility rate remained relatively low due to factors such as urbanization, changing societal norms, and economic considerations.
Overall, the false statement is that "Population is very small" in China.

The secondary sector covers all those activities consisting in varying degrees of processing of raw materials (manufacturing, construction industries).

To determine the country with the highest fertility rate, let's analyze the given options.
A: China
- China has implemented a strict one-child policy for several decades, which significantly reduced its fertility rate. Therefore, it is unlikely to have the highest fertility rate among the given options.
B: India
- India has a relatively high fertility rate, but it is not the highest in the world.
C: Pakistan
- Pakistan has a higher fertility rate compared to China and India. It is known to have one of the highest fertility rates globally, primarily due to cultural and social factors that encourage larger families.
D: None
- Since Pakistan has a higher fertility rate than the other options, the correct answer is D: None.
In summary, Pakistan has the highest fertility rate among the given options.

Classification of an Economy
An economy can be classified based on the occupations within it. The most common classification system divides the economy into three sectors: the primary sector, the secondary sector, and the tertiary sector.
1. Primary Sector:
- The primary sector includes activities that involve the extraction and production of raw materials.
- It encompasses industries such as agriculture, fishing, mining, and forestry.
- Workers in this sector are directly involved in the production of natural resources.
2. Secondary Sector:
- The secondary sector includes activities that involve the processing and manufacturing of raw materials.
- It encompasses industries such as manufacturing, construction, and utilities.
- Workers in this sector transform raw materials into finished products.
3. Tertiary Sector:
- The tertiary sector includes activities that involve the provision of services.
- It encompasses industries such as retail, healthcare, education, finance, and hospitality.
- Workers in this sector provide services to consumers and businesses.
Other Possible Classifications:
While the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors are the most commonly used classifications, there are other ways to classify an economy as well. These may include:
- Quaternary Sector: This sector involves activities related to information technology, research, development, and intellectual services.
- Quinary Sector: This sector includes activities related to high-level decision-making and policymaking in areas such as government, education, and healthcare.
Conclusion:
In summary, an economy can be classified into different sectors based on the type of occupations within it. The primary sector involves the extraction and production of raw materials, the secondary sector involves processing and manufacturing, and the tertiary sector involves the provision of services. Other classifications, such as the quaternary and quinary sectors, may also be considered depending on the context.

The human development index (HDI) is a composite index that measures the development of a country. The HDI is based on qualitative and quantitative data:
- life expectancy at birth (which gives an idea of the health status of the population);
- the level of education measured by mean years of schooling and adult literacy rate;
- the GDP per capita in purchasing power parity (PPP), giving an indication of the mean standard of living in the country.

Percentage of Workforce Engaged in Agriculture in China
- The percentage of the workforce engaged in agriculture in China is an important indicator of the country's economic development and modernization.
- It is crucial to have an understanding of this percentage to assess the level of industrialization and urbanization in China.
- The correct answer to this question is 35% (Option B) .
Explanation:
- China has a large population, and historically, agriculture has played a significant role in the country's economy. However, with rapid industrialization and urbanization, the proportion of the workforce engaged in agriculture has been declining.
- As of recent data, approximately 35% of the workforce in China is engaged in agriculture.
- This percentage indicates that China has made significant progress in transitioning from an agrarian society to a more industrialized and urbanized one.
- The decline in the agricultural workforce is a result of various factors, such as technological advancements, increased productivity, and the growth of non-agricultural sectors.
- The shift towards a more industrial and service-oriented economy has led to an increase in employment opportunities outside of agriculture, attracting workers to other sectors.
- The decrease in the agricultural workforce has also been accompanied by improvements in agricultural productivity, allowing the country to meet its food demands with a smaller labor force.
- It is important to note that while the percentage of the workforce engaged in agriculture has decreased, agriculture still remains a crucial sector in China, contributing to food security and rural development.
- The government of China has implemented various policies and initiatives to support the agricultural sector, ensuring sustainable growth and development.

Introduction:
In Pakistan, various reforms were introduced as a response to external pressures. These reforms aimed to address economic challenges and promote sustainable development. The main pressure for these reforms came from two international financial institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
Pressure from the IMF:
- The IMF is an international organization that provides financial assistance and policy advice to member countries.
- Pakistan has faced numerous economic challenges, including fiscal deficits, balance of payments issues, and a high debt burden.
- To address these challenges and stabilize the economy, Pakistan sought financial support from the IMF.
- The IMF provided loans to Pakistan under various programs, such as the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA).
- These loans came with conditionalities, requiring Pakistan to implement economic reforms, including fiscal consolidation, structural adjustments, and governance improvements.
Pressure from the World Bank:
- The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants for development projects.
- Pakistan has received significant financial support from the World Bank for various development initiatives.
- In order to receive funding from the World Bank, Pakistan had to implement reforms in sectors such as education, health, infrastructure, and governance.
- The World Bank also provided technical assistance and policy advice to support these reforms.
Combined Pressure:
- The pressure from both the IMF and the World Bank played a crucial role in shaping Pakistan's reform agenda.
- The conditionalities attached to the financial assistance provided by these institutions compelled Pakistan to undertake necessary reforms.
- The reforms aimed to address macroeconomic imbalances, improve governance and institutions, enhance social sector development, and promote private sector-led growth.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the reforms introduced in Pakistan were a response to external pressures, primarily from the IMF and the World Bank. These institutions provided financial assistance and policy advice, but also required Pakistan to implement structural reforms in various sectors. The combined pressure from these organizations influenced Pakistan's reform agenda and played a significant role in addressing economic challenges and promoting sustainable development.

Agriculture as considered here encompasses arable use (the growing of the widest possible range of annual crops), horticulture (perennial crops in general, and fruit trees in particular), pastural use (grassland and fodder crops) and silviculture (commercial growing of trees).

Scarcity of capital, technological backwardness, and unemployment are generally found in underdeveloped countries.
Underdeveloped countries, also known as developing countries or less developed countries, face various challenges that hinder their economic growth and progress. Some of the main reasons why scarcity of capital, technological backwardness, and unemployment are prevalent in underdeveloped countries are:
1. Lack of investment: Underdeveloped countries often lack sufficient capital to invest in infrastructure, industries, and technological advancements. Limited access to financial resources hampers their ability to develop and modernize their economies.
2. Technological backwardness: Underdeveloped countries often lag behind in terms of technological advancements and innovation. Limited access to modern technologies, lack of research and development capabilities, and inadequate infrastructure hinder their progress in various sectors.
3. High unemployment rates: Underdeveloped countries often struggle with high levels of unemployment. Factors such as limited job opportunities, low skill levels, and inadequate education and training systems contribute to the high unemployment rates in these countries.
4. Poverty: Underdeveloped countries often face widespread poverty, which further exacerbates the scarcity of capital and technological backwardness. Limited resources and lack of economic opportunities trap people in a cycle of poverty, making it difficult to invest in education, health, and other essential sectors.
5. Weak institutional frameworks: Underdeveloped countries often have weak governance structures, corruption, and inadequate legal and regulatory frameworks. These factors can hinder economic growth, discourage foreign investment, and impede technological advancements.
It is important to note that while underdeveloped countries primarily face these challenges, some developed countries may also experience elements of scarcity of capital, technological backwardness, and unemployment in certain regions or sectors. However, the prevalence of these issues is generally higher in underdeveloped countries.