Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below. Some blanks have been numbered, indicating that they require you to choose the most appropriate word from the given options.

In the wake of unprecedented global disruptions—from pandemics to geopolitical upheavals—the discourse surrounding economic resilience has assumed renewed urgency. Policymakers are now compelled to reassess the very foundations of global trade, finance, and production systems. The prevailing belief that unbridled globalisation would (49) _______ prosperity across nations has been tempered by the realisation that over-dependence on sprawling supply chains renders economies vulnerable to cascading shocks.

Technological advancements, particularly in automation and AI, have both (50) _______ and complicated this recalibration. On one hand, they promise enhanced efficiency and precision; on the other, they raise the spectre of deepening unemployment and social stratification. Economic theorists argue that genuine resilience is not merely about withstanding shocks but about cultivating adaptive capacity—an ability to (51) _______ rapidly in response to unforeseen challenges.

Yet, this adaptive vision is hindered by entrenched structural inequities. For many developing economies, access to capital, skilled labour, and cutting-edge technology remains (52) _______. As a result, the rhetoric of resilience risks becoming an elitist narrative, serving primarily the interests of those already positioned at the top of the global economic hierarchy.

This is why a growing number of economists advocate for a "glocal" approach—combining global integration with local self-reliance. Such a model emphasizes regional value chains, domestic innovation ecosystems, and governance mechanisms that can (53) _______ both efficiency and equity. The challenge lies in translating this theoretical elegance into tangible policy frameworks that bridge the gap between aspiration and implementation.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below. Some blanks have been numbered, indicating that they require you to choose the most appropriate word from the given options.

In the wake of unprecedented global disruptions—from pandemics to geopolitical upheavals—the discourse surrounding economic resilience has assumed renewed urgency. Policymakers are now compelled to reassess the very foundations of global trade, finance, and production systems. The prevailing belief that unbridled globalisation would (49) _______ prosperity across nations has been tempered by the realisation that over-dependence on sprawling supply chains renders economies vulnerable to cascading shocks.

Technological advancements, particularly in automation and AI, have both (50) _______ and complicated this recalibration. On one hand, they promise enhanced efficiency and precision; on the other, they raise the spectre of deepening unemployment and social stratification. Economic theorists argue that genuine resilience is not merely about withstanding shocks but about cultivating adaptive capacity—an ability to (51) _______ rapidly in response to unforeseen challenges.

Yet, this adaptive vision is hindered by entrenched structural inequities. For many developing economies, access to capital, skilled labour, and cutting-edge technology remains (52) _______. As a result, the rhetoric of resilience risks becoming an elitist narrative, serving primarily the interests of those already positioned at the top of the global economic hierarchy.

This is why a growing number of economists advocate for a "glocal" approach—combining global integration with local self-reliance. Such a model emphasizes regional value chains, domestic innovation ecosystems, and governance mechanisms that can (53) _______ both efficiency and equity. The challenge lies in translating this theoretical elegance into tangible policy frameworks that bridge the gap between aspiration and implementation.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below. Some blanks have been numbered, indicating that they require you to choose the most appropriate word from the given options.

In the wake of unprecedented global disruptions—from pandemics to geopolitical upheavals—the discourse surrounding economic resilience has assumed renewed urgency. Policymakers are now compelled to reassess the very foundations of global trade, finance, and production systems. The prevailing belief that unbridled globalisation would (49) _______ prosperity across nations has been tempered by the realisation that over-dependence on sprawling supply chains renders economies vulnerable to cascading shocks.

Technological advancements, particularly in automation and AI, have both (50) _______ and complicated this recalibration. On one hand, they promise enhanced efficiency and precision; on the other, they raise the spectre of deepening unemployment and social stratification. Economic theorists argue that genuine resilience is not merely about withstanding shocks but about cultivating adaptive capacity—an ability to (51) _______ rapidly in response to unforeseen challenges.

Yet, this adaptive vision is hindered by entrenched structural inequities. For many developing economies, access to capital, skilled labour, and cutting-edge technology remains (52) _______. As a result, the rhetoric of resilience risks becoming an elitist narrative, serving primarily the interests of those already positioned at the top of the global economic hierarchy.

This is why a growing number of economists advocate for a "glocal" approach—combining global integration with local self-reliance. Such a model emphasizes regional value chains, domestic innovation ecosystems, and governance mechanisms that can (53) _______ both efficiency and equity. The challenge lies in translating this theoretical elegance into tangible policy frameworks that bridge the gap between aspiration and implementation.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below. Some blanks have been numbered, indicating that they require you to choose the most appropriate word from the given options.

In the wake of unprecedented global disruptions—from pandemics to geopolitical upheavals—the discourse surrounding economic resilience has assumed renewed urgency. Policymakers are now compelled to reassess the very foundations of global trade, finance, and production systems. The prevailing belief that unbridled globalisation would (49) _______ prosperity across nations has been tempered by the realisation that over-dependence on sprawling supply chains renders economies vulnerable to cascading shocks.

Technological advancements, particularly in automation and AI, have both (50) _______ and complicated this recalibration. On one hand, they promise enhanced efficiency and precision; on the other, they raise the spectre of deepening unemployment and social stratification. Economic theorists argue that genuine resilience is not merely about withstanding shocks but about cultivating adaptive capacity—an ability to (51) _______ rapidly in response to unforeseen challenges.

Yet, this adaptive vision is hindered by entrenched structural inequities. For many developing economies, access to capital, skilled labour, and cutting-edge technology remains (52) _______. As a result, the rhetoric of resilience risks becoming an elitist narrative, serving primarily the interests of those already positioned at the top of the global economic hierarchy.

This is why a growing number of economists advocate for a "glocal" approach—combining global integration with local self-reliance. Such a model emphasizes regional value chains, domestic innovation ecosystems, and governance mechanisms that can (53) _______ both efficiency and equity. The challenge lies in translating this theoretical elegance into tangible policy frameworks that bridge the gap between aspiration and implementation.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below. Some blanks have been numbered, indicating that they require you to choose the most appropriate word from the given options.

In the wake of unprecedented global disruptions—from pandemics to geopolitical upheavals—the discourse surrounding economic resilience has assumed renewed urgency. Policymakers are now compelled to reassess the very foundations of global trade, finance, and production systems. The prevailing belief that unbridled globalisation would (49) _______ prosperity across nations has been tempered by the realisation that over-dependence on sprawling supply chains renders economies vulnerable to cascading shocks.

Technological advancements, particularly in automation and AI, have both (50) _______ and complicated this recalibration. On one hand, they promise enhanced efficiency and precision; on the other, they raise the spectre of deepening unemployment and social stratification. Economic theorists argue that genuine resilience is not merely about withstanding shocks but about cultivating adaptive capacity—an ability to (51) _______ rapidly in response to unforeseen challenges.

Yet, this adaptive vision is hindered by entrenched structural inequities. For many developing economies, access to capital, skilled labour, and cutting-edge technology remains (52) _______. As a result, the rhetoric of resilience risks becoming an elitist narrative, serving primarily the interests of those already positioned at the top of the global economic hierarchy.

This is why a growing number of economists advocate for a "glocal" approach—combining global integration with local self-reliance. Such a model emphasizes regional value chains, domestic innovation ecosystems, and governance mechanisms that can (53) _______ both efficiency and equity. The challenge lies in translating this theoretical elegance into tangible policy frameworks that bridge the gap between aspiration and implementation.

Read the passage below carefully to answer the following questions. Each question provides five options for its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

In recent decades, urban farming has emerged as a promising strategy to address food security concerns in rapidly growing cities. By cultivating crops on rooftops, vacant lots, and vertical structures, proponents argue that urban agriculture can shorten supply chains, reduce transportation emissions, and provide fresher produce to city dwellers. Advocates also highlight its potential to strengthen community ties, create green jobs, and promote environmental awareness among urban residents.

However, critics caution that urban farming faces several practical and economic challenges. Limited space in cities often restricts large-scale cultivation, making it unlikely to replace conventional agriculture entirely. Moreover, initial setup costs for hydroponic systems, greenhouses, and irrigation infrastructure can be prohibitive. There are also concerns about soil contamination in certain urban areas, which can compromise food safety if not properly managed.

Despite these obstacles, many city governments are experimenting with incentives such as tax breaks, grants, and zoning reforms to encourage urban farming initiatives. Some municipalities have partnered with schools and non-profits to integrate agricultural projects into educational programs, fostering early awareness of sustainability issues. Supporters believe that, while urban farming may not single-handedly solve global food supply problems, it can play a valuable complementary role alongside rural agriculture.

Policymakers thus face a nuanced challenge: developing frameworks that make urban farming economically viable while ensuring safety standards and equitable access. Achieving this balance requires cooperation between public agencies, private investors, and local communities.

Read the passage below carefully to answer the following questions. Each question provides five options for its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

In recent decades, urban farming has emerged as a promising strategy to address food security concerns in rapidly growing cities. By cultivating crops on rooftops, vacant lots, and vertical structures, proponents argue that urban agriculture can shorten supply chains, reduce transportation emissions, and provide fresher produce to city dwellers. Advocates also highlight its potential to strengthen community ties, create green jobs, and promote environmental awareness among urban residents.

However, critics caution that urban farming faces several practical and economic challenges. Limited space in cities often restricts large-scale cultivation, making it unlikely to replace conventional agriculture entirely. Moreover, initial setup costs for hydroponic systems, greenhouses, and irrigation infrastructure can be prohibitive. There are also concerns about soil contamination in certain urban areas, which can compromise food safety if not properly managed.

Despite these obstacles, many city governments are experimenting with incentives such as tax breaks, grants, and zoning reforms to encourage urban farming initiatives. Some municipalities have partnered with schools and non-profits to integrate agricultural projects into educational programs, fostering early awareness of sustainability issues. Supporters believe that, while urban farming may not single-handedly solve global food supply problems, it can play a valuable complementary role alongside rural agriculture.

Policymakers thus face a nuanced challenge: developing frameworks that make urban farming economically viable while ensuring safety standards and equitable access. Achieving this balance requires cooperation between public agencies, private investors, and local communities.