The correct answer is Stephen Hawking.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e., Onam

Key Points

• The festival of 'Onam' is associated with the 'Vamana' incarnation of the Lord Vishnu.
• Vamana, 5th of the 10 incarnations (avatars) of the Hindu god Vishnu.
• Onam is a festival celebrated in Kerala which is observed every year in the month of August-September.
• In the Rigveda, Vishnu took three strides, with which he measured out the three worlds - earth, heaven, and the space between them.
• The images of Vamana usually show him already grown to giant size, one foot firmly planted on earth and the other lifted as if to take a stride.

Additional Information

The correct answer is White surface reflects more heat energy and absorbs less heat energy.

Key Points

• A white surface reflects more heat energy and absorbs less heat energy this is the reason the top and outer surfaces of the house are painted white.
• White color is a poor emitter of heat.
• Hence, white-colored clothes are preferred in summer.

Additional Information

• The black color is a good absorber and a better emitter of heat.
• Hence, the inner side of the solar cooker is painted black
• Transfer of it takes place in three ways conduction, convection, and radiation.

The correct answer is Pingali Venkayya.

Key Points

• Pingali Venkayya designed the National Flag of India.
• Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921.
• The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947. 
• J. B. Kripalani headed the flag committee in the Constituent Assembly.
• Indian National Flag:
  • ​The national flag is popularly known as Tiranga, which means "three colours" or "tricoloured".
  • It is a horizontal tricolour in equal proportion of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and green at the bottom.
  • The ratio of the length to the width of the flag is 3 : 2.
  • At the centre of the white band is a wheel with 24 spokes in navy blue colour that indicates the Dharma Chakra (Wheel of Law).
  • Saffron: Saffron is a symbol of courage and sacrifice.
  • White: The white colour represents honesty, peace, and purity. It highlights the importance of maintaining peace in the country.
  • Green: The green colour represents faith and chivalry. It is a symbol of prosperity, vibrancy, and life.
  • Ashoka Chakra: The Ashoka Chakra or the Dharma Chakra (Wheel of Law) has 24 spokes and appears on a number of edicts of Ashoka.

Additional Information

• In 1906 the first Indian flag with the inscription of 'Vande Mataram' was hoisted in Green Park, Calcutta.
• Sachindra Prasad Bose and Sukumar Mitra are believed to have designed the flag.
• The flag was hoisted as a protest against Curzon's Bengal Partition Plan.

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Key Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji
  • His other names - 'Grand Old Man of India' and 'Unofficial Ambassador of India'.
  • He belonged to the Liberal Party and was the first Indian to be a member of Parliament in the United Kingdom House of Commons from 1892 to 1895.
  • He was also elected as the President of the Indian National Congress thrice in 1886, 1893, and 1906.
  • He was the author of the book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India', and also published new papers like 'Rast Goftar' and 'The Voice of India'.

Additional Information

• R. C. Dutt
  • Romesh Chandra Dutt was a politician and a civil servant.
  • He served as the first President of the society named Bangiya Sahitya Parishad in 1894.
  • He also served as the President of the Indian National Congress in1899.
  • He translated Mahabharata and Ramayana into English.
• Rammohan Roy
  • His other names - 'Father of Modern India' and 'Father of the Bengal Renaissance'.
  • He was a socio-religious reformer and strongly opposed the practice of 'Sati', child marriage, polygamy, the caste system, etc., and supported widow remarriage.
  • He founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 and also started a newspaper named 'Sambad Kaumudi'.
• Meghnad Desai
  • He is a British economist, professor emeritus of the London School of Economics, and former politician of the Labour party.
  • He was felicitated with the Padma Bhushan award in 2008.

The correct answer is Baisakhi.

Key Points

• The festival of Baisakhi is celebrated with enthusiasm in Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.
• It is a spring harvest festival for the Sikhs. 
• Baisakhi also commemorates the formation of Khalsa Panth by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.

Additional Information

Lohri

• Lohri, the bonfire harvest festival of Punjab celebrated in the month of Magh, is symbolic of new beginnings.
• The festival is celebrated every year on January 13 with much enthusiasm and zeal.
• It is primarily the harvest festival of the Punjabis.
• This festival denotes the harvesting of the Rabi crops and hence all the farmers get together in order to thank god for giving them such a wonderful harvest.
• The rituals related to Lohri symbolize the attachment of the people with Mother Nature.

Hola Mohalla

• Hola Mohalla likewise called Hola, is a three-day long Sikh celebration which ordinarily falls in Spring.
• It happens on the second day of the lunar month of Chett, a day after the Hindu spring celebration Holi[ however some of the time corresponds with Holi
• Hola Mohalla is a major bubbly occasion for Sikhs all over the planet.
• The fair held during Holi and Hola at Anandpur Sahib is customarily a three-day occasion however members go to Anandpur Sahib for seven days.

Teej

• Kajari Teej is the grand festival of Rajasthan.
• It celebrates the spirit of womanhood.
• Married women undertake a day-long fast in prayer for their husbands' health and wealth.
• Hariyali Teej, Hartalika Teej, and Kajari Teej are the three teej festivals observed in Rajasthan.
• The Bhadra pad of the Hindu calendar's Shravan or monsoon season is when this festival is fervently observed.
• According to the Gregorian calendar, the celebration takes place in July or August. 

The correct answer is Fifth.

Key Points

Fifth Five-Year Plan

• The Fifth Five-year Plan emphasized the ‘removal of poverty and attainment of self-reliance.
• The fifth Five Year Plan duration was from 1974 to 1978. This plan focussed on Garibi Hatao, employment, justice, agricultural production, and defense.
• This plan was terminated in 1978 by the newly elected Moraji Desai government. 
• The Electricity Supply Act was amended in 1975, a Twenty-point program was launched in 1975, the Minimum Needs Programme (MNP), and the Indian National Highway System was introduced.

Additional Information

• Five-year plans :​

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Param Vir Chakra

Key Points

• Param Vir Chakra:
  • It is the highest military decoration awarded for displaying distinguished acts of valour during the war.
  • It was introduced by the government on 26th January 1950.
  • Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra (PVC).

Additional Information

• Mahavir Chakra:
  • It is the second-highest military decoration in India, after the Param Vir Chakra.
  • It is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy whether on land, at sea or in the air. 
  • It was introduced by the government on 26th January 1950.
• Sena Medal:
  • It is awarded for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as having special significance for the Army.
  • It was Instituted on 17 June 1960.
• Shaurya Chakra:
  • The Shaurya Chakra is awarded for gallantry otherwise than in the face of the enemy.
  • It was instituted in 1952.

The correct answer is Tomara Rajput.

Key Points

• Under the Tomara dynasty, Delhi became the capital for the first time.
• Tomar Dynasty:
  • Founder: Anangapala I Tomara.
  • They ruled India during the 8th-12th century.
  • The Chauhans of Ajmer defeated the Tomara Rajputs in the mid of the 12th century.

Additional Information

• Chauhans:
  • Founder: Ajayaraja
  • Capital: Ajyameru (present Ajmer)
  • They ruled in Rajasthan, India, between the 6th and 12th centuries.
  • The famous ruler was Prithviraj Chauhan.
• Khalji Dynasty:
  • Founder: Jalal-ud-din Firoz Khilji
  • The Khilji dynasty started from 1290 to 1320 AD.
  • Famous ruler: Ala-ud-din Khilji
  • Last ruler: Quṭb al-Din Mubarak Shah
• Tughluq Dynasty:
  • Founder: Ghyasuddin Tughlaq
  • The Tugluq dynasty started from 1320 to 1413 AD.
  • Famous rulers: Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq, Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, Firoz Tughlaq.
  • Last ruler: Nasiruddin Mohammad Shah.

The correct answer is Aravalli.

• Aravalli is the oldest mountain range of India.

Key Points

• Aravali Range
  • Aravalis is one of the world’s oldest fold mountains running in the north-east to southeast direction from Delhi to Palampur in Gujarat.
  • It expands in 3 states (Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat) and 1 union territory (New-Delhi).
  • It is an example of a fold mountain.
  • Guru Shikhar is the highest peak of Aravali.

Additional Information

• Vindhyan Range acts as a water-divide between the Ganga system and the river system of south India. 
• The Eastern and the Western Ghats meet each other at the Nilgiri hills.
  • It is located in Tamil Nadu.
• The Himalayas are young fold mountains of the tertiary period.