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IBPS Clerk 2024 English Test - 7
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IBPS Clerk 2024 English Test - 7
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  • Question 1/10
    1 / -0.25

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

    Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland has stepped in to organise a peace conference, making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far. As a close partner of Russia, a member of the BRICS and SCO groupings, a leader in the Global South, and an aspirant to world leadership, India is, no doubt, at the top of the list. And the Swiss Foreign Secretary Alexandre Fasel’s visit to Delhi this week, following closely those of two Swiss Ministers, and the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba over the past few months, is evidence that the invitation to India at the head of state/head of government level is a priority. Of the 160 or so countries that invitations for the conference have gone to — it is to be held in the resort town of Bürgenstock on June 15-16 — about 50 have confirmed their attendance, mostly from the European Union, NATO alliance, G-7 countries and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia. Russia has not been invited, and Mr. Fasel made it clear that their diplomacy was hoping to bring over ‘BICS’ leaders (BRICS minus Russia) so they could convey the outcomes to Moscow, with a view to inviting Russia to a future round of talks. With Brazilian President Lula indicating that he would not attend, and South Africa’s citing its general elections on May 29 to formally decline the invitation, all eyes are on whether Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, if he is re-elected, or official nominees would attend.

    Convincing the rest of the world to attend a platform that appears stilted towards Ukraine remains a tall order for the organisers. While Switzerland prides itself on its “neutrality”, it has already chosen sides in the current conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia. Another venue may have appeared more impartial. The agenda for the conference is to build a framework for or road map to peace, and to discuss issues such as ensuring food security and freedom of navigation, nuclear safety and humanitarian issues. It seems __________ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table. It is also hard to foresee what else can be achieved as long as Russia and Ukraine believe they can make or consolidate more gains on the battlefield — a real negotiation begins when either one or both sides believe they have exhausted military options. If the aim of the conference then is, as Russian President Vladimir Putin says, to “pressure” Russia into announcing a ceasefire or ceding territory it has won, then it is hardly likely to succeed, given the UN General Assembly’s failure to bring such pressure through multiple resolutions. New Delhi, that has thus far refused to join any statement that is overtly critical of Russia, and has not diluted ties with Moscow, may thus find it easier to hedge its bets, and only show its hand once a truly balanced and more inclusive peace effort gets under way.

    ...view full instructions


    Which of the following words is opposite in meaning to "neutrality" as used in the passage?

    Solutions

    The correct answer is: Option 1.

    Key Points

    • The word "neutrality" means the state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict or disagreement; impartiality. (तटस्थता)
      • Example: The country maintained neutrality during the war to avoid conflict.
    • "Bias" refers to an inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair. (पक्षपात)
      • Example: The judge was removed from the case because of his apparent bias towards the defendant.
    • Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'neutrality' is 'bias'.

    Therefore, the correct answer is: Bias.

    Additional Information

    Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

    • Fairness (निष्पक्षता): Impartial and just treatment or behaviour without favouritism or discrimination.
      • Example: The fairness of the referee was questioned after the controversial decision.
    • Clarity (स्पष्टता): The quality of being clear, in particular, the quality of coherence and intelligibility.
      • Example: The clarity of her speech made it easy for everyone to understand the complex topic.
    • Honesty (ईमानदारी): The quality of being honest; uprightness and fairness.
      • Example: His honesty is one of his most admired traits.
    • Indifference (उदासीनता): Lack of interest, concern, or sympathy.
      • Example: Her indifference to the suffering of others was shocking.
  • Question 2/10
    1 / -0.25

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

    Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland has stepped in to organise a peace conference, making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far. As a close partner of Russia, a member of the BRICS and SCO groupings, a leader in the Global South, and an aspirant to world leadership, India is, no doubt, at the top of the list. And the Swiss Foreign Secretary Alexandre Fasel’s visit to Delhi this week, following closely those of two Swiss Ministers, and the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba over the past few months, is evidence that the invitation to India at the head of state/head of government level is a priority. Of the 160 or so countries that invitations for the conference have gone to — it is to be held in the resort town of Bürgenstock on June 15-16 — about 50 have confirmed their attendance, mostly from the European Union, NATO alliance, G-7 countries and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia. Russia has not been invited, and Mr. Fasel made it clear that their diplomacy was hoping to bring over ‘BICS’ leaders (BRICS minus Russia) so they could convey the outcomes to Moscow, with a view to inviting Russia to a future round of talks. With Brazilian President Lula indicating that he would not attend, and South Africa’s citing its general elections on May 29 to formally decline the invitation, all eyes are on whether Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, if he is re-elected, or official nominees would attend.

    Convincing the rest of the world to attend a platform that appears stilted towards Ukraine remains a tall order for the organisers. While Switzerland prides itself on its “neutrality”, it has already chosen sides in the current conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia. Another venue may have appeared more impartial. The agenda for the conference is to build a framework for or road map to peace, and to discuss issues such as ensuring food security and freedom of navigation, nuclear safety and humanitarian issues. It seems __________ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table. It is also hard to foresee what else can be achieved as long as Russia and Ukraine believe they can make or consolidate more gains on the battlefield — a real negotiation begins when either one or both sides believe they have exhausted military options. If the aim of the conference then is, as Russian President Vladimir Putin says, to “pressure” Russia into announcing a ceasefire or ceding territory it has won, then it is hardly likely to succeed, given the UN General Assembly’s failure to bring such pressure through multiple resolutions. New Delhi, that has thus far refused to join any statement that is overtly critical of Russia, and has not diluted ties with Moscow, may thus find it easier to hedge its bets, and only show its hand once a truly balanced and more inclusive peace effort gets under way.

    ...view full instructions


    According to the passage, what role does Switzerland hope the 'BICS' leaders will play?

    Solutions

    The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

    Key Points

    • The passage specifically mentions Switzerland's hopes regarding the role of the 'BICS' (Brazil, India, China, South Africa) leaders.
    • Switzerland hopes these leaders will communicate the outcomes of the conference to Moscow.
    • This implies their role is more about communication and diplomacy rather than direct intervention.
    • The context suggests that Switzerland trusts these leaders to effectively relay the information to Russia, potentially influencing future actions.

    Therefore, the correct answer is 'Convey the outcomes to Moscow'.

    Additional Information

    • Mediate the conflict directly at the conference: The passage does not indicate that the BICS leaders are meant to mediate directly at the conference.
    • Impose sanctions on Russia: There is no mention of Switzerland hoping for the BICS leaders to impose sanctions on Russia.
    • Form a separate peace coalition: The passage does not suggest the formation of a separate peace coalition by the BICS leaders.
    • Organize future rounds of talks: Although future discussions might be necessary, the passage does not designate the BICS leaders to organize them.
  • Question 3/10
    1 / -0.25

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

    Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland has stepped in to organise a peace conference, making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far. As a close partner of Russia, a member of the BRICS and SCO groupings, a leader in the Global South, and an aspirant to world leadership, India is, no doubt, at the top of the list. And the Swiss Foreign Secretary Alexandre Fasel’s visit to Delhi this week, following closely those of two Swiss Ministers, and the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba over the past few months, is evidence that the invitation to India at the head of state/head of government level is a priority. Of the 160 or so countries that invitations for the conference have gone to — it is to be held in the resort town of Bürgenstock on June 15-16 — about 50 have confirmed their attendance, mostly from the European Union, NATO alliance, G-7 countries and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia. Russia has not been invited, and Mr. Fasel made it clear that their diplomacy was hoping to bring over ‘BICS’ leaders (BRICS minus Russia) so they could convey the outcomes to Moscow, with a view to inviting Russia to a future round of talks. With Brazilian President Lula indicating that he would not attend, and South Africa’s citing its general elections on May 29 to formally decline the invitation, all eyes are on whether Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, if he is re-elected, or official nominees would attend.

    Convincing the rest of the world to attend a platform that appears stilted towards Ukraine remains a tall order for the organisers. While Switzerland prides itself on its “neutrality”, it has already chosen sides in the current conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia. Another venue may have appeared more impartial. The agenda for the conference is to build a framework for or road map to peace, and to discuss issues such as ensuring food security and freedom of navigation, nuclear safety and humanitarian issues. It seems __________ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table. It is also hard to foresee what else can be achieved as long as Russia and Ukraine believe they can make or consolidate more gains on the battlefield — a real negotiation begins when either one or both sides believe they have exhausted military options. If the aim of the conference then is, as Russian President Vladimir Putin says, to “pressure” Russia into announcing a ceasefire or ceding territory it has won, then it is hardly likely to succeed, given the UN General Assembly’s failure to bring such pressure through multiple resolutions. New Delhi, that has thus far refused to join any statement that is overtly critical of Russia, and has not diluted ties with Moscow, may thus find it easier to hedge its bets, and only show its hand once a truly balanced and more inclusive peace effort gets under way.

    ...view full instructions


    Which of the following words is similar in meaning to "consolidate" as used in the passage?

    Solutions

    The correct answer is: Option 3.

    Key Points

    • The word "consolidate" means to make something physically stronger or more solid; combine (a number of things) into a single more effective or coherent whole. (मजबूत बनाना, एकजुट करना)
      • Example: The company consolidated its several offices into a single location.
    • "Reinforce" refers to strengthening or supporting an object or substance, especially with additional material. (मजबूत करना)
      • Example: The builders used steel rods to reinforce the concrete foundation.
    • Hence, we can infer that the word 'reinforce' is similar in meaning to 'consolidate'.

    Therefore, the correct answer is: Reinforce.

    Additional Information

    Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

    • Amplify (बढ़ाना): To increase the volume of sound, especially using an amplifier; to make something more marked or intense.
      • Example: The speaker used a microphone to amplify his voice.
    • Disband (भंग करना): To break up or cause to break up and stop functioning.
      • Example: The group decided to disband after their final performance.
    • Separate (अलग करना): To cause to move or be apart.
      • Example: The teacher had to separate the two students who were arguing.
    • Weaken (कमजोर करना): To make or become weaker in power, resolve, or physical strength.
      • Example: The illness had weakened him considerably.
  • Question 4/10
    1 / -0.25

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

    Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland has stepped in to organise a peace conference, making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far. As a close partner of Russia, a member of the BRICS and SCO groupings, a leader in the Global South, and an aspirant to world leadership, India is, no doubt, at the top of the list. And the Swiss Foreign Secretary Alexandre Fasel’s visit to Delhi this week, following closely those of two Swiss Ministers, and the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba over the past few months, is evidence that the invitation to India at the head of state/head of government level is a priority. Of the 160 or so countries that invitations for the conference have gone to — it is to be held in the resort town of Bürgenstock on June 15-16 — about 50 have confirmed their attendance, mostly from the European Union, NATO alliance, G-7 countries and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia. Russia has not been invited, and Mr. Fasel made it clear that their diplomacy was hoping to bring over ‘BICS’ leaders (BRICS minus Russia) so they could convey the outcomes to Moscow, with a view to inviting Russia to a future round of talks. With Brazilian President Lula indicating that he would not attend, and South Africa’s citing its general elections on May 29 to formally decline the invitation, all eyes are on whether Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, if he is re-elected, or official nominees would attend.

    Convincing the rest of the world to attend a platform that appears stilted towards Ukraine remains a tall order for the organisers. While Switzerland prides itself on its “neutrality”, it has already chosen sides in the current conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia. Another venue may have appeared more impartial. The agenda for the conference is to build a framework for or road map to peace, and to discuss issues such as ensuring food security and freedom of navigation, nuclear safety and humanitarian issues. It seems __________ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table. It is also hard to foresee what else can be achieved as long as Russia and Ukraine believe they can make or consolidate more gains on the battlefield — a real negotiation begins when either one or both sides believe they have exhausted military options. If the aim of the conference then is, as Russian President Vladimir Putin says, to “pressure” Russia into announcing a ceasefire or ceding territory it has won, then it is hardly likely to succeed, given the UN General Assembly’s failure to bring such pressure through multiple resolutions. New Delhi, that has thus far refused to join any statement that is overtly critical of Russia, and has not diluted ties with Moscow, may thus find it easier to hedge its bets, and only show its hand once a truly balanced and more inclusive peace effort gets under way.

    ...view full instructions


    Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?

    Solutions

    The correct answer is Option 1.

    Key Points

    • Switzerland has taken the initiative to organize a peace conference aimed at addressing the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
    • The article discusses the limited international participation in the conference, emphasizing the confirmed attendance of about 50 countries mostly from Western alliances.
    • While emphasizing Switzerland's neutral stance, the article points out that the venue may not seem impartial due to Switzerland having imposed sanctions on Russia.
    • Key global players, such as India, China, Brazil, and South Africa, are mentioned as uncertain participants, highlighting the difficulty in achieving a truly inclusive peace effort.

    Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘Switzerland is organizing a peace conference to resolve the Russia-Ukraine conflict with limited international participation.’

    Additional Information

    • Option 2: While India’s participation is deemed important, the passage does not frame India's involvement as crucial for the success of the conference. The main focus is on Switzerland organizing the event and the broader difficulties in international participation.
    • Option 3: This option captures the hesitancy of key global players to attend but does not fully encapsulate Switzerland's role in organizing the peace conference.
    • Option 4: Russia's reluctance is indeed a significant point, but the main idea centers more around Switzerland’s efforts and the broader challenges faced in gathering international participation.
    • Option 5: The primary aim of the conference is to establish a roadmap to peace, but significant contributions from non-Western countries are speculative and not the main focus of the passage.
  • Question 5/10
    1 / -0.25

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

    Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland has stepped in to organise a peace conference, making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far. As a close partner of Russia, a member of the BRICS and SCO groupings, a leader in the Global South, and an aspirant to world leadership, India is, no doubt, at the top of the list. And the Swiss Foreign Secretary Alexandre Fasel’s visit to Delhi this week, following closely those of two Swiss Ministers, and the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba over the past few months, is evidence that the invitation to India at the head of state/head of government level is a priority. Of the 160 or so countries that invitations for the conference have gone to — it is to be held in the resort town of Bürgenstock on June 15-16 — about 50 have confirmed their attendance, mostly from the European Union, NATO alliance, G-7 countries and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia. Russia has not been invited, and Mr. Fasel made it clear that their diplomacy was hoping to bring over ‘BICS’ leaders (BRICS minus Russia) so they could convey the outcomes to Moscow, with a view to inviting Russia to a future round of talks. With Brazilian President Lula indicating that he would not attend, and South Africa’s citing its general elections on May 29 to formally decline the invitation, all eyes are on whether Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, if he is re-elected, or official nominees would attend.

    Convincing the rest of the world to attend a platform that appears stilted towards Ukraine remains a tall order for the organisers. While Switzerland prides itself on its “neutrality”, it has already chosen sides in the current conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia. Another venue may have appeared more impartial. The agenda for the conference is to build a framework for or road map to peace, and to discuss issues such as ensuring food security and freedom of navigation, nuclear safety and humanitarian issues. It seems __________ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table. It is also hard to foresee what else can be achieved as long as Russia and Ukraine believe they can make or consolidate more gains on the battlefield — a real negotiation begins when either one or both sides believe they have exhausted military options. If the aim of the conference then is, as Russian President Vladimir Putin says, to “pressure” Russia into announcing a ceasefire or ceding territory it has won, then it is hardly likely to succeed, given the UN General Assembly’s failure to bring such pressure through multiple resolutions. New Delhi, that has thus far refused to join any statement that is overtly critical of Russia, and has not diluted ties with Moscow, may thus find it easier to hedge its bets, and only show its hand once a truly balanced and more inclusive peace effort gets under way.

    ...view full instructions


    According to the passage, which of the given statements is/are correct?

    A) Switzerland has maintained complete neutrality in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

    B) The peace conference aims to discuss issues like food security and nuclear safety.

    C) Russia was invited to the peace conference in Bürgenstock

    Solutions

    The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

    Key Points

    • Statement A: "Switzerland has maintained complete neutrality in the Russia-Ukraine conflict." The passage does not provide explicit information regarding Switzerland's stance or neutrality in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Therefore, we cannot confirm this statement based on the given passage.
      • So, Statement A cannot be verified as correct.
    • Statement B: "The peace conference aims to discuss issues like food security and nuclear safety." The passage clearly lists food security and nuclear safety among the key agenda items for the peace conference.
      • Therefore, Statement B is correct.
    • Statement C: "Russia was invited to the peace conference in Bürgenstock." The passage explicitly says, "Russia has not been invited," and further explains the idea of inviting Russia to future rounds of talks instead.
      • Therefore, Statement C is incorrect.
    • Thus, the statement that is correct is B.
    • Therefore, the correct answer is 'Only B'.
  • Question 6/10
    1 / -0.25

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

    Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland has stepped in to organise a peace conference, making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far. As a close partner of Russia, a member of the BRICS and SCO groupings, a leader in the Global South, and an aspirant to world leadership, India is, no doubt, at the top of the list. And the Swiss Foreign Secretary Alexandre Fasel’s visit to Delhi this week, following closely those of two Swiss Ministers, and the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba over the past few months, is evidence that the invitation to India at the head of state/head of government level is a priority. Of the 160 or so countries that invitations for the conference have gone to — it is to be held in the resort town of Bürgenstock on June 15-16 — about 50 have confirmed their attendance, mostly from the European Union, NATO alliance, G-7 countries and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia. Russia has not been invited, and Mr. Fasel made it clear that their diplomacy was hoping to bring over ‘BICS’ leaders (BRICS minus Russia) so they could convey the outcomes to Moscow, with a view to inviting Russia to a future round of talks. With Brazilian President Lula indicating that he would not attend, and South Africa’s citing its general elections on May 29 to formally decline the invitation, all eyes are on whether Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, if he is re-elected, or official nominees would attend.

    Convincing the rest of the world to attend a platform that appears stilted towards Ukraine remains a tall order for the organisers. While Switzerland prides itself on its “neutrality”, it has already chosen sides in the current conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia. Another venue may have appeared more impartial. The agenda for the conference is to build a framework for or road map to peace, and to discuss issues such as ensuring food security and freedom of navigation, nuclear safety and humanitarian issues. It seems __________ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table. It is also hard to foresee what else can be achieved as long as Russia and Ukraine believe they can make or consolidate more gains on the battlefield — a real negotiation begins when either one or both sides believe they have exhausted military options. If the aim of the conference then is, as Russian President Vladimir Putin says, to “pressure” Russia into announcing a ceasefire or ceding territory it has won, then it is hardly likely to succeed, given the UN General Assembly’s failure to bring such pressure through multiple resolutions. New Delhi, that has thus far refused to join any statement that is overtly critical of Russia, and has not diluted ties with Moscow, may thus find it easier to hedge its bets, and only show its hand once a truly balanced and more inclusive peace effort gets under way.

    ...view full instructions


    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the agenda for the peace conference?

    Solutions

    The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

    Key Points

    • The passage outlines the main agenda items for the peace conference.
    • Issues mentioned include ensuring food security, freedom of navigation, nuclear safety, and humanitarian issues.
    • Military cooperation is not mentioned as part of the agenda items in the passage.
    • The agenda's focus areas aim to build frameworks for peace and address various global concerns without explicitly involving military cooperation.

    Therefore, the correct answer is 'Military cooperation'.

    Additional Information

    • Ensuring food security: The passage specifically lists "ensuring food security" as one of the conference's agenda items.
    • Freedom of navigation: This is also explicitly mentioned as part of the conference's agenda.
    • Nuclear safety: The passage includes this as an important topic for discussion at the conference.
    • Humanitarian issues: These are listed as a significant part of the conference's agenda.
  • Question 7/10
    1 / -0.25

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

    Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland has stepped in to organise a peace conference, making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far. As a close partner of Russia, a member of the BRICS and SCO groupings, a leader in the Global South, and an aspirant to world leadership, India is, no doubt, at the top of the list. And the Swiss Foreign Secretary Alexandre Fasel’s visit to Delhi this week, following closely those of two Swiss Ministers, and the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba over the past few months, is evidence that the invitation to India at the head of state/head of government level is a priority. Of the 160 or so countries that invitations for the conference have gone to — it is to be held in the resort town of Bürgenstock on June 15-16 — about 50 have confirmed their attendance, mostly from the European Union, NATO alliance, G-7 countries and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia. Russia has not been invited, and Mr. Fasel made it clear that their diplomacy was hoping to bring over ‘BICS’ leaders (BRICS minus Russia) so they could convey the outcomes to Moscow, with a view to inviting Russia to a future round of talks. With Brazilian President Lula indicating that he would not attend, and South Africa’s citing its general elections on May 29 to formally decline the invitation, all eyes are on whether Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, if he is re-elected, or official nominees would attend.

    Convincing the rest of the world to attend a platform that appears stilted towards Ukraine remains a tall order for the organisers. While Switzerland prides itself on its “neutrality”, it has already chosen sides in the current conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia. Another venue may have appeared more impartial. The agenda for the conference is to build a framework for or road map to peace, and to discuss issues such as ensuring food security and freedom of navigation, nuclear safety and humanitarian issues. It seems __________ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table. It is also hard to foresee what else can be achieved as long as Russia and Ukraine believe they can make or consolidate more gains on the battlefield — a real negotiation begins when either one or both sides believe they have exhausted military options. If the aim of the conference then is, as Russian President Vladimir Putin says, to “pressure” Russia into announcing a ceasefire or ceding territory it has won, then it is hardly likely to succeed, given the UN General Assembly’s failure to bring such pressure through multiple resolutions. New Delhi, that has thus far refused to join any statement that is overtly critical of Russia, and has not diluted ties with Moscow, may thus find it easier to hedge its bets, and only show its hand once a truly balanced and more inclusive peace effort gets under way.

    ...view full instructions


    What will fit in the blank taken from the passage: “It seems ______ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table.”

    Solutions

    The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

    Key Points

    • The sentence discusses the difficulty of making progress on issues related to the conflict without both parties being present.
    • The context implies skepticism about the success of the conference without the participation of both Russia and Ukraine.
    • The use of the word "unlikely" suggests a low probability of success under the current circumstances. (असंभाव्य)
    • The sentence aims to highlight the challenges in making substantial progress without the direct involvement of both conflicting parties.

    Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘unlikely’.

    Complete Sentence: It seems unlikely that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table.

    Additional Information

    • Surgical (शल्य चिकित्सा संबंधी): This word pertains to precision or exactness, typically related to medical or tactical operations. It does not fit the context of the sentence discussing the likelihood of progress in peace talks.
    • Optimistic (आशावादी): This would imply a positive outlook on the progress of the conference. The context, however, indicates skepticism rather than optimism.
    • Inevitable (अनिवार्य): This suggests that some outcome is certain to happen, which contradicts the passage's discussion about the uncertainty of success without both parties.
    • Premature (असमय): This implies something happening too early, but in the context of the sentence, it's not about the timing but the likelihood of progress which is being questioned.
  • Question 8/10
    1 / -0.25

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

    Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland has stepped in to organise a peace conference, making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far. As a close partner of Russia, a member of the BRICS and SCO groupings, a leader in the Global South, and an aspirant to world leadership, India is, no doubt, at the top of the list. And the Swiss Foreign Secretary Alexandre Fasel’s visit to Delhi this week, following closely those of two Swiss Ministers, and the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba over the past few months, is evidence that the invitation to India at the head of state/head of government level is a priority. Of the 160 or so countries that invitations for the conference have gone to — it is to be held in the resort town of Bürgenstock on June 15-16 — about 50 have confirmed their attendance, mostly from the European Union, NATO alliance, G-7 countries and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia. Russia has not been invited, and Mr. Fasel made it clear that their diplomacy was hoping to bring over ‘BICS’ leaders (BRICS minus Russia) so they could convey the outcomes to Moscow, with a view to inviting Russia to a future round of talks. With Brazilian President Lula indicating that he would not attend, and South Africa’s citing its general elections on May 29 to formally decline the invitation, all eyes are on whether Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, if he is re-elected, or official nominees would attend.

    Convincing the rest of the world to attend a platform that appears stilted towards Ukraine remains a tall order for the organisers. While Switzerland prides itself on its “neutrality”, it has already chosen sides in the current conflict by imposing sanctions on Russia. Another venue may have appeared more impartial. The agenda for the conference is to build a framework for or road map to peace, and to discuss issues such as ensuring food security and freedom of navigation, nuclear safety and humanitarian issues. It seems __________ that much headway can be made on any of these issues without both parties to the conflict at the table. It is also hard to foresee what else can be achieved as long as Russia and Ukraine believe they can make or consolidate more gains on the battlefield — a real negotiation begins when either one or both sides believe they have exhausted military options. If the aim of the conference then is, as Russian President Vladimir Putin says, to “pressure” Russia into announcing a ceasefire or ceding territory it has won, then it is hardly likely to succeed, given the UN General Assembly’s failure to bring such pressure through multiple resolutions. New Delhi, that has thus far refused to join any statement that is overtly critical of Russia, and has not diluted ties with Moscow, may thus find it easier to hedge its bets, and only show its hand once a truly balanced and more inclusive peace effort gets under way.

    ...view full instructions


    According to the passage, which country has not confirmed their attendance at the peace conference in Bürgenstock?

    Solutions

    The correct answer is 'Option 5'.

    Key Points

    • The passage mentions that Brazilian President Lula has indicated he would not attend the peace conference in Bürgenstock.
    • It mentions that South Africa also declined the invitation, citing its general elections on May 29.
    • Japan, South Korea, and Australia are noted as U.S. allies and implied to be among the 50 countries that confirmed their attendance.
    • The specific mention of Brazil's non-confirmation indicates it is the correct choice for the answer to the question.

    Therefore, the correct answer is 'Brazil'.

    Additional Information

    • Japan: The passage states that Japan is among the U.S. allies that have confirmed their attendance, indicating Japan will attend.
    • South Korea: Similar to Japan, South Korea is listed as one of the U.S. allies attending the conference.
    • South Africa: While South Africa declined due to its general elections, the focus on Brazil's non-attendance makes it the most appropriate answer for the question.
    • Australia: As another U.S. ally, Australia is implied to be among those who confirmed their participation.
  • Question 9/10
    1 / -0.25

    Part of the sentence has an error. Mark the part which has an error. If there is no error mark no error as your answer.

    The world is yet to figure out the  (A) relevance of the problem; air and water pollution (B) had been a problem for the whole planet since (C) the Industrial revolution era started. (D)

    Solutions

    The correct option is 4) i.e C

    Key Points

    • The present perfect continuous is used for an action that began in the past and still has relevance at the present time.
      • Example: 'They have been building the boat for years.' (The verb 'building' denotes an action that began in the past and is still ongoing)   
    • Sentence:  The world is yet to figure out the relevance of the problem, air and water pollution had been a problem for the whole planet since the industrial revolution era started. ( the problem began in the industrial age and is still prevalent to date)
    • 'air and water  pollution had been a problem for the whole planet since the industrial revolution era started'. Instead of the 'had' we should use 'has'.
    • 'air and water pollution have been a problem for the whole planet since the industrial revolution era started.' (Correct)​​

    Important Points

    • The present perfect continuous is made up of two elements: the present perfect of the verb 'to be' (have/has been), and the present participle of the main verb (base+ing)

    • The present perfect tense is used with adverbs and conjunctions to connect past events with the present time. 
    • Example: 'ever, just, recently, already, yet, so far, of late'  
      • Example: I have just finished my chores. (adverb 'just' is used to connect a past action that already occurred).

    ​Correct sentence: The world is yet to figure out the relevance of the problem, air and water pollution have been a problem for the whole planet since the Industrial revolution era started.

  • Question 10/10
    1 / -0.25

    Read the following sentence and determine whether there is any error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. ​If the sentence is error-free, select 'No error' as your answer.

    The increasing use of (A) fossil fuels are (B) causing their shortage (C) all over the world (D).

    Solutions

    The correct answer is B.

    Key Points

    The possessive verb 'are' should be replaced by 'is'.

    The subject in the sentence is 'use'. Here, the noun 'use' is in the singular form.

    The possessive verb takes the form of the subject which it follows.

    • Since the subject here is singular, the possessive verb 'to be' takes the singular form 'is'

    Thus, the correct sentence is: The increasing use of fossil fuels is causing their shortage all over the world.

    Additional Information

    Here is a table illustrating the change in the possessive verb 'to be' corresponding to the change in the form of the subject:​

    The word 'use' is used here as a noun. Some words can be both nouns and verbs.

    • One way to find out if a word is a noun or verb is to check if it has an article before it.
      Nouns usually have an article before them - 'a', 'an' or 'the'

    • Another method is to see if the word is a subject or an object. Verbs cannot be the subject or object of a sentence.

    Here is a list of some common words that are used as both a noun and a verb:

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