The correct answer is Dandi March.

Dandi March

• On 12th March 1930, Gandhiji began his march from the ashram to the ocean. He reached shore and made salt and thereby making himself a criminal in sight of law. Many parallel salt marches were undertaken during this time in other parts of the country.
• It brought Mahatma Gandhi and India to the attention of the world.
• It was the first National Movement in which women participation was really very notable.
• Kamladevi Chattopadhyay, a socialist leader persuaded Gandhi not to restrict movement to men alone.
• Many women including Kamladevi broke salt and liquor laws and courted arrest.
• Third and most significant was that this movement forced the British to realise that their Raj would not last forever and they need to devolve some power to Indians.

The correct answer is ​Moon's lower gravitational force.

Key Points

• Weight refers to the force exerted on a body by gravity while Mass refers to the amount of matter in a substance.
• The Earth's Moon has considerably less mass than the Earth itself.
• Not only is the Moon smaller than the Earth, but it is only about 60 per cent as dense as Earth.
  • Thus, the gravitational attraction on the Moon is only one-sixth that of the Earth. Hence option 3 is the correct answer.
• As the force gravity exerts on a person determines the weight of a person.
• A person's weight is generally one-sixth of their weight on Earth.
• One thing to note here is that it is only the value of weight that changes from Earth to the moon, while the mass remains the same.

The correct answer is "Ask GITA" Kiosk.

In News

• The G20 India mobile app is an initiative by the Indian government to facilitate smoother interaction of delegates and officials during the G20 Summit.

Key Points

• The app has been created by the Ministry of External Affairs.
• It provides complete information about the G20 Summit in ten different languages, including Hindi, German, Portuguese, and Japanese.
• A virtual tour feature is included in the app that can be helpful for delegates, officials, media personnel, and more.
• Users can navigate multiple venues at the Bharat Mandapam Convention Centre at Pragati Maidan using the app's navigation feature.
• The app includes a special Yoga Break feature where users can practice yoga during breaks.
• The Digital India Experience Zone in the app gives a view of what's available on-site and provides an interactive "Ask GITA” kiosk that offers life advice in the voice of Krishna, based on the Shrimad Bhagawad Gita.
• The G20 India app is available for download on Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

The correct answer is Al.

Key Points

• Al metal is extracted by electrolysis only.
• Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of alumina mixed with molten cryolite.
• This process is known as the Hoope’s process.
• In this process, the impure aluminium is collected over the anode and the pure aluminium is obtained on the cathode with a salt of the metal being the electrolyte.

Additional Information

• During the electrolytic refining of aluminium metal, the impure metal/ore is placed at the anode of an electrolytic cell while the cathode is a thin plate of pure aluminium metal.
• The electrolyte consists of the solution of a salt of the aluminium metal, i.e.cryolite and calcium fluoride.
  • On passing the electric current, the pure aluminium metal from the anode dissolves and gets deposited at the cathode.
  • The soluble impurities go into the solution while the remaining insoluble or the less electropositive impurities settle down below the anode as anode mud or sludge.
  • electrolysis is involved in the refining stage of copper production, it is not the primary method for extracting copper from its ores. Smelting is the primary extraction method, and electrolysis is used in the refining process to purify the obtained copper.
    • The difference lies only in the electrolyte and the substances placed at the respective anode and cathode.​ 

The correct answer is Satavahana dynasty.

Key Points

• Prakrit was the official language of the Satavahana kingdom.
• It was the golden age of Prakrit under the reign of Hala of Satavahanas.
• The majority of satavahana inscriptions were written in Prakrit. Prakrit was the common language as well as the language of literature.
• The Satavahanas preferred Prakrit to Sanskrit as their official language.
• Prakrit refers to a group of Indo-Aryan languages and dialects that were spoken in ancient India.
• Some current researchers include all Middle Indo-Aryan languages together as "Prakrits," while others emphasise the languages' separate evolution from Sanskrit's history, which is often separated by caste, religion, and geography.

Important Points

• The Satavahanas were an ancient Indian dynasty centred in the Deccan region, also known as the Andhras in the Puranas.
• Most modern academics believe the Satavahana dynasty began in the late second century BCE and lasted until the early third century CE, however, some researchers place the start of their rule as early as the third century BCE, based on the Puranas but without archaeological evidence.
• The present-day states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Maharashtra were all part of the Satavahana monarchy.
• They ruled areas of modern-day Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka at various times.
• During various eras, the dynasty had different capital cities, including Pratishthana (Paithan) and Amaravati (Dharanikota).

Additional Information

• During the 4th century BCE, and perhaps the 5th century BCE, the Nanda dynasty ruled in the northern Indian subcontinent.
• The Shaishunaga dynasty is thought to have been the second governing dynasty of ancient India's Magadha empire.
• The Haryanka dynasty succeeded the Pradyota and Barhadratha dynasties as the third governing dynasty of Magadha, an ancient Indian empire.

The correct answer is English.

Key Points

• The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India lists the official languages of the Republic of India.
• As per Articles 344 (1) and 351 of the Indian Constitution, the 8th schedule includes 22 languages: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili, and Dogri.
• Surprisingly these 22 languages do not include “English” which is widely spoken in India.​

Mistake Points

• Many students confuse these languages with “Classical language” which includes only 6 languages - Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (declared in 2005), Kannada (declared in 2008), Telugu (declared in 2008), Malayalam (declared in 2013), and Odia (declared in 2014).​

Additional Information

• Nepali was originally not present in the 8th schedule of the constitution but later added with the 71st amendment act along with Konkani & Manipuri.
• Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added by the 92nd Amendment Act of 2003.

The correct answer is Martial Arts Dances.

Key Points

Silambam

• Silambam is a weapon-based Indian martial art from Tamil Nadu. Every state has its own style of martial arts.
• A wide variety of weapons are used in silambam, some of which are not found anywhere else in the Majorly used “Silambam staff” as a weapon.
• Silambam art also used animal movements of the snake, tiger, and eagle forms and footwork patterns is play a key role here as
• Another part of Silambam is Kuttu varisai, which is the unarmed kind of martial.
• Associated Legend: This martial art was developed by Lord Muruga (son of Lord Shiva, other names – Kartikeya) & sage Agasthya

Thang-Ta 

• Thang-Ta is a popular term for the ancient Manipuri Martial Art also known as HUYEN LALLONG.
• “Thang” means sword and “Ta” means spear. Other weapons used are shields and axe.
• Manipuri martial arts with swords and spears are strong yet gracefully sophisticated
• Huyen Langlon martial art from Manipur consists of two main components, armed combat and unarmed fighting
• Sword and spear are the two primary weapons of Huyen langlon.

Thoda

• It is martial art dance of Himachal Pradesh.
• Thoda's name is derived from the round wooden piece attached to the head of an arrow to minimise its lethal potential.
• It is a mixture of martial art, sport and culture
• It takes place during Baisakhi every year
• This martial art relies on a player’s skill of archery and can be dated back to the time of Mahabharata when bows and arrows were used in the valleys of Kullu and Manali
• In the game, there are 2 groups of 500 people each. All of them are not archers but dancers also who came with them to boost the morale of their respective teams.
• The two teams are called Pashis and Saathi, who are believed to be the descendants of Pandavas and Kauravas of Mahabharata.

Hence, Option 3 is correct.

The Correct Answer is September 12, 1996.

In News

• The Women’s Reservation Bill, Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023 was passed in Lok Sabha.

Key Points

• Twenty-seven years after the women’s reservation Bill was first introduced in Parliament, the Lok Sabha on September 20,2023 passed a Bill with near unanimity to amend the Constitution and provide one-third reservation to women in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.  
• The bill seeks to provide a 33% reservation to women in the Lok Sabha and assemblies.
• The quota can come into force only by 2029 since it has to be implemented after the delimitation of constituencies.
• The bill was officially introduced in the Lok Sabha on September 12, 1996, by the United Front Government

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naroji.

Key Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji prepared the first estimates of National income in 1876.
  • Dadabhai Naoroji fondly called the Grand Old Man of India, was the pioneer in this field
  • He estimated the national income by first estimating the value of agricultural production and then adding a certain percentage of non-agricultural production.
  • The first person to adopt a scientific procedure for estimating the national income was Dr V K R V Rao in 1931. He divided the Indian Economy into two parts :
  • Agricultural Sector included agriculture, forests, fishing, and hunting.
  • The corporate Sector included industries, construction, business, transport, and public services.
  • The product method was used for estimating income in the agricultural sector and the income method was used for estimating income in the corporate sector.

Additional Information

• The Government of India appointed National Income Committee in 1949.
• Since 1955 the national income estimates are being prepared by Central Statistical Organisation.
• The Central Statistical Organisation has divided the Indian economy into three basic sectors:
  • The primary sector comprises agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and quarrying.
  • The secondary sector comprises manufacturing, power generation, gas, and water supply.
  • The tertiary sector comprises transport, communication and trade, banking insurance, computer software, public administration, defence, and external trade.
• National Income does not include data :
  • Income from illegal activities like smuggling, gambling, etc.
  • Income from work done without remuneration like domestic work by housewives.
  • Black money

The correct answer is 1 - 2 -  3 - 4

Key Points

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place 103 years ago today (April 13, 1919). According to British government records, 379 people including men, women, and children were killed while 1,200 were injured in the indiscriminate firing ordered by Colonel Reginald Dyer. 
• In 1920, after Jalianwala Bagh Massacre Mahatma Gandhi called for a campaign of non-cooperation with British Rule and joined hands with the Khilafat movement.
• Gandhi was of the opinion that coupling the non-cooperation with the Khilafat would result in Hindu-Muslim unity to end the colonial rule.
• The British Raj was shaken to its foundations for the first time since the Revolt of 1857.
• The non-cooperation movement was suspended in 1922 after the Chauri-Chaura incident where 22 policemen were killed by a violent crowd.
• The Swaraj party was formed by Indian politicians- – Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das and other members of the Indian National Congress on 1 January 1923.
• In 1928, Gandhiji began to think of re-entering politics. After the failure of the Simon Commission, in its annual session at Lahore Congress demanded Purna Swaraj and decided to observe 26th January 1930 as Independence Day.
• In the Lahore Session of Congress held in December 1929, it was decided that now the struggle will be for complete independence and 26 Jan 1930 will be observed as independence day nationwide.
• In 1931, the  ‘Gandhi-Irwin Pact’ was signed by the terms of which civil disobedience was called off and all prisoners were released. This pact drew many criticisms because Gandhiji was unable to obtain a commitment to political independence for Indians from the Viceroy, he could obtain merely an assurance of talks.