* The All India Trade Union Congress was established on 31^st October, 1920.

* Lala Lajpat Rai was its first President and Diwan Chaman Lall was its first General Secretary.

* The major strikes that happened during the 1920s are – Kharagpur Railway Workshops, Tata Iron and Steel Works at Jamshedpur and Buckingham Carnatic Mills.

* "Trade Union Record" is the fortnightly journal of the AITUC.

* AITUC in its second session in 1921 in Jharia had adopted a resolution of Swaraj.

In 1893, Sir William Hunter wrote that the British "won India, not from the Mughals, but from the Hindus. Before we appeared as conquerors, the Mughal Empire had broken up; our conclusive wars were neither with the Delhi King nor with the revolted Governors, but with two Hindu confederacies - the Marathas and the Sikhs". Beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire can be traced to the strict rule of Aurangzeb. Before Aurangzeb, Rajputs acted as pillars of support to the strength of the Empire. The wars with the Sikhs, the Marathas, the Jats and the Rajputs had drained the resources of the Mughal Empire. The Mughals did not follow any law of succession like the law of primogeniture. These circumstances caused the decline of the Mughal Empire.

* Three dynasties ruled during the Sangam Age – the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas.

* Details of all the three dynasties are as follows-

* Silappadikaram and Manimekalai are the two Tamil epics written during Sangam age, which occupy a high place in Tamil literature and are important sources for the construction of the early history of south India.

Rohtang Pass, situated in the Pir Panjal Range of Himachal Pradesh. It connects Manali to Leh. The Pir Panjal Pass is a mountain pass and a tourist destination, located in the Pir Panjal Range in Jammu and Kashmir. It connects the Kashmir Valley to the Rajouri and Poonch districts via the Mughal Road. It is the highest point on the Mughal road at 3,490 m (11,450 ft) and lies to the south west of the Kashmir valley. Zoji La is a high mountain pass in the Himalayas in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. Located in the Dras, the pass connects the Kashmir Valley to its west with the Dras and Suru valleys to its northeast and the Indus valley further east. Banihal Pass is a mountain pass across the Pir Panjal Range at a maximum elevation of 2,832 m. It connects the Kashmir Valley in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the outer Himalaya and the plains to the south. The Jawahar Tunnel is located on it.

Willy Willy - storms originating near the northwest coast of Australia.

Chinook - With the eastern slope of the Rocky mountain ranges of North America, it affects from the southern part of Colorado in the south to the province of British Columbia in Canada in the north.

Mistral - Cold dry northwest or north winds moving rapidly from the cold high plateau of the Massif in the middle of France to the Mediterranean Sea, which is mainly in the Rhone Delta and the Gulf of Lions.

Fundamental rights against exploitation have been provided under Article 23 and Article 24.

Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.

Article 23(1): Traffic in human beings and the beggar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with the law.

Article 24 says that “No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.”

Fundamental duties were not there in the original constitution. On the recommendation of the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee, the 42nd Constitution Amendment Act 1976 added a total of 10 fundamental duties by adding Part 4A and Article 51 (a) to the Constitution. The fundamental duty was taken from the Constitution of Russia. The 11th duty was added in the Constitution by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2002.

● The spherical shape of raindrops is due to the surface tension of water which is caused due to the tendency of water molecules to stick together.

● Surface tension of a material is the ratio, i.e., force per unit length. It is the elastic tendency of a fluid surface which makes it acquire the least surface area possible.

● Transpiration is the process by which the water evaporates through the stomata present on the surface of the leaves.

● Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

● Transportation means the act of transfer of molecules and ions through the body either of plants or animals.

● Evaporation is the process in which liquid changes to gaseous state.