The Correct answer is Both A and B.

Important Points

• Frictional unemployment is a type of unemployment that arises when workers are searching for new jobs or are transitioning from one job to another. It is part of natural unemployment and hence is present even when the economy is considered at full employment.
  • Hence statement A is correct.
• The major cause of frictional unemployment include -:
• A mismatch between the workers and available jobs
• If there is a mismatch between job-seekers and available jobs in the market, that is considered frictional unemployment. The issue can especially affect the new entrants or re-entrants to the job market. This is generally due to the natural career progression for an employee, and their natural transition to a new job, industry, or role.
• Workers’ dissatisfaction with work conditions
• Workers’ anxiety towards salaries, benefits, work location, job responsibilities, etc. may force them to quit their current job, and look for something that better meets their updated expectations.
• In a recession, frictional unemployment tends to fall as workers have less confidence to wait for a better job. They are more likely to stay in their current job or take the first job that comes along.
  • Hence statement B is correct.

The correct answer is A and B.

Key Points

Centres of The Revolt

Lucknow: 

• It was the capital of Awadh. Begum Hazrat Mahal, one of the begums of the ex-king of Awadh, took up the leadership of the revolt.

Kanpur:

• The revolt was led by Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
• He joined the revolt primarily because he was deprived of his pension by the British.
• The victory was short-lived. Kanpur was recaptured by the British after fresh reinforcements arrived.
• The revolt was suppressed with terrible vengeance.
• Nana Saheb escaped, but his brilliant commander Tantia Tope continued the struggle.
• Tantia Tope was finally defeated, arrested, and hanged.

Jhansi:

• The twenty-two-year-old Rani Lakshmi Bai led the rebels when the British refused to accept the claim of her adopted son to the throne of Jhansi.
• She fought gallantly against the British forces, but was ultimately defeated by the English.

Gwalior:

• After Rani Lakshmi Bai escaped, she was joined by Tantia Tope, and together they marched to Gwalior and captured it. Hence, option B is correct.
• Fierce fighting followed where the Rani of Jhansi fought like a tigress but died, fighting to the very end.
• Gwalior was recaptured by the British.

Bihar:

• The revolt was led by Kunwar Singh who belonged to the royal house of Jagdispur, Bihar.

Bareilly: 

• The city of Bareilly was one of the strongholds during the rebellion of 1857 and remained so for nearly a year. Here, the resistance was led by  Khan Bahadur Khan. Hence, option C is not correct.

Banaras: 

• Maulvi Liyakat Ali was the leader of Allahabad and Banaras during the revolt of 1857. Bahadur Shah II and his General Bakht Khan were the leader of Delhi in revolt in 1857. Hence, option D is not correct.

Delhi: 

• In Delhi, Bahadur Shah was the leader. But the real power lay with the soldiers. Bakht Khan, who had led the revolt of the soldiers at Bareilly, arrived in Delhi on 3rd July 1857. Hence, option A is correct.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The money multiplier

• It is the amount of money created by commercial banks for a given fixed amount of base money and reserve ratio.
• An increase in the cash reserve ratio prevents the banks from lending more money and reduces the money multiplier. 
• The Central Bank increases the reserve requirements for the Commercial banks. It will lead to a decrease in the money multiplier. Hence, Statement 2 is not correct.
• An increase in the banking habit of the population will increase the lending, thereby will lead to more deposits in the banking system, hence increasing the money multiplier. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.
• Even if there is an increase in the population of the country, the money multiplier in an economy does not necessarily increase.
• The money created by the Federal Reserve is the monetary base, also known as high-powered money. Banks create money by making loans.
• A bank loans or invests its excess reserves to earn more interest.
• A one-dollar increase in the monetary base causes the money supply to increase by more than one dollar.
• The increase in the money supply is the money multiplier.
• The money multiplier increases with increasing capability with the banks to provide loans and this depends on the number of deposits available with the banks.
• More bank accounts and an increase in minimum balance requirement provide more deposits to the banks while more withdrawals and increase in reserve requirements reduce such deposits to be used for providing loans. Hence, Statement 1 is not correct, and Statement 4 is correct.

The Correct Answer is Madhya Pradesh.

In News

• MP CM Chouhan inaugurates 'Mukhyamantri Ladli Bahna Awas Yojana'.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan inaugurated 'Mukhyamantri Ladli Bahna Awas Yojana' at Kushabhau Thakre Convention Centre (Minto Hall) in Bhopal.
• Under the scheme, the families who were left out of getting the benefit of housing facilities in various housing schemes will get their houses under it.
• The scheme will include those families who do not have houses with pucca roof or live in kutcha houses with less than two rooms, do not own a motorised four-wheeler or whose family members do not have any member in government service, monthly income should be ₹ 12,000 or less.
• Also, no member of the family should be an income tax payer and have 2.5 acres or less of irrigated land or less than 5 acres of non-irrigated agricultural land.

Chandragupta Mauryan adopted Jainism and he performed the Jain ritual Santhara in the last days of his life. During his reign, Jainism was divided into two sects- Shvetambara and Digambara. Bindusara was a follower of the Ajivaka Sect.

Key Points

• Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire. He accepted Jainism and became a monk.
• According to the Jain accounts dated to 800 years after his death, Chandragupta abdicated his throne and became a Jain monk, travelled away from his empire to South India and committed sallekhana or fasting to death.
• Chandragupta Maurya built one of the largest empires in ancient India. According to Jain history, he then renounced it all and became a Jain monk in 297 BCE.
• Chandragupta Maurya followed Jainism after retiring when he renounced his throne and material possessions to join a wandering group of Jain monks. Chandragupta was a disciple of the Jain monk Acharya Bhadrabahu.

Additional Information

• Bindusara also called Bindusara Maurya, Greek Amitrochates, second Mauryan emperor, who ascended the throne about 297 BCE. Greek sources refer to him as Amitrochates, Greek for the Sanskrit amitraghata (“destroyer of foes”).
• One who is without enemies. Ajatashatru was the King of Magadha in ancient India.
• Pulakeshin II was the most famous ruler of the Chalukya dynasty of Vatapi (present-day Badami in Karnataka, India). During his reign, the Chalukya kingdom expanded to cover most of the Deccan region in peninsular India.

Hence we can say that Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire.

The correct answer is Rajnath Singh.

In News

• The 132nd edition of the Durand Cup, an annual football competition, was inaugurated in Kokrajhar, Assam on August 05, 2023, by Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh.
• This is the first time the event is being held in this Assamese city.

• The tournament is organized by the Armed Forces and supported by the Government of Assam.

Key Points

• During the opening ceremony, Shri Rajnath Singh praised the efforts of the Armed Forces and Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) for creating a conducive environment in Kokrajhar, enabling the event to be organized in the city for the first time.
• Assam Chief Minister Shri Himanta Biswa Sarma acknowledged the rich sports culture of the region and extended his best wishes to all participating teams.
• He also thanked the Indian Army for organizing the tournament in Kokrajhar and appreciated the efforts of BTC.
• The opening ceremony was attended by nearly 12,000 football fans from across the state and the region.
• The ceremony featured a flypast by Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft and Mi-17 helicopter, martial displays, Gatka and Bhangra, and a display of Bodo cultural dance by the local troupe.
• The inaugural ceremony was followed by the opening match of the tournament between Bodoland FC and Rajasthan United FC.
• The tournament will include eight group matches and one quarter-final to be played on August 24, 2023.
• A total of 24 teams, including two foreign teams from Nepal and Bangladesh, all three teams of Indian Armed Forces.
• The local team of Bodoland FC will compete at three venues in Kolkata, Guwahati, and Kokrajhar during the tournament.

The correct answer is Tension.

• If an object is pulled by holding it from both ends, then the force applied on it is called tension.

Key Points

• If an object is pulled by holding it from both ends, then the force applied to it is called tension.
• Tension: It refers to the force transmitted when a rope, wire, cable or string is tethered by forces acting on opposite ends.
• It is given by the formula T= mg
  • where, m=mass(kg) and g= gravitational force.

The correct answer is Black cotton Soil.

Key Points

Black cotton soils

• It shows swelling and shrinkage behaviour on wetting and drying. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• Black Cotton Soil also consists of the excess Montmorillonite mineral.
• These show volumetric changes with the change in atmospheric conditions.
• Black cotton soil shows swelling when moisture content increases and shrinkage behaviour when moisture content decreases. 
• Under reamed piles are used for these types of soils.
• As black cotton soils are expansive soils i.e having swelling and shrinkage behaviour and due to this Lightly loaded structures are more susceptible to damage as a result of volume changes in the soil. Therefore these soils need to be stabilized first before loading.
• Investigation says that lime is a good stabilizing agent for the construction of a road in black cotton soil.
• Lime forms the bonding between the soil particles which is missing in black cotton soil and hence stabilizes.

Additional Information

Alluvial Soils

• Alluvial soils are formed mainly due to silt deposited by the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra rivers. In coastal regions, some alluvial deposits are formed due to wave action.
• Rocks of the Himalayas from the parent material. Thus the parent material of these soils is of transported origin.
• They are the largest soil group covering about 15 lakh sq km or about 46 per cent of the total area.
• They support more than 40% of India’s population by providing the most productive agricultural lands.

Peaty, and Marshy Soil/Bog Soil

• This soil originates from areas where adequate drainage is not possible. It is rich in organic matter and has high salinity. They are deficient in potash and phosphate.

Desert Soil

• This soil is deposited by wind action and is mainly found in the arid and semi-arid areas like Rajasthan, West of the Aravallis, Northern Gujarat, Saurashtra, Kachchh, Western parts of Haryana, and the southern part of Punjab.
• It lacks moisture content. Humus content is less, and Nitrogen is originally low but some of it is available in the form of nitrates.

Concept:

• The breaking of the C-C bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within the cells, leading to the release of a considerable amount of energy is called respiration.
• The compounds that are oxidized during this process are known as respiratory substrates.
• ATP acts as the energy currency of the cell.
• This energy trapped in ATP is utilized in various energy-requiring processes of the organisms. 
• There are two types of respiration
  • Aerobic Respiration- In the Presence of oxygen.
  • Anaerobic respiration- In absence of oxygen.
  • C6H12O6 → 2C2H5O H + 2CO2 + Energy 

Explanation:

Fermentation:

• This process does not require oxygen.
•  Alcohol or wine is formed by the use of fermentation.
• It is also used in the manufacture of yogurt, vinegar, and other chemical substances. 
• The process of fermentation occurs in the presence of micro-organisms.
• The fermentation of lactose produces lactic acid.
• Which reacts with milk protein and converts it into curd.

Important Points

Respiration is of 2 types:

Thus, anaerobic respiration is also called fermentation.

The correct answer is Cricket.

Key Points

• C.K Naidu Trophy is associated with Cricket.

• Some other sports and cups: