The correct answer is Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Key Points 

• The endoplasmic reticulum is a part of the endomembrane system.
• These are tiny tubular structures scattered in the cytoplasm and consist of membrane-bound channels, tubules, sacs, or vesicles.
• On the basis of the presence of ribosomes ER of two types rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
• If ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum then it is called a rough endoplasmic reticulum and if there are no ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum then it is called a smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Explanation:

• The proteins and lipids which are essential for building the cell membrane are manufactured in the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
• Rough ER is frequently observed in the cells actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion.
• The Smooth ER is the major site for the synthesis of lipids.
• In animal cells, lipid-like steroidal hormones are synthesized in SER.
• ER also acts as an internal support for cytoplasm.
• Plasma membrane lipids and proteins are synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum through the process known as membrane biosynthesis.'

Additional Information 

Mitochondria:

• These are sausage-shaped, cylindrical double membrane-bound cell organelles.
• Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration.
• They produce cellular energy in the form of ATP, thus they are called the "powerhouse of the cell".
• The mitochondrial matrix contains circular DNA, 70S ribosomes, and enzymes that take part in protein synthesis and respiration respectively.

Plasma membrane:

• It is a selectively permeable outer layer of the cell.
• PM is composed of lipids that are arranged in a bilayer.
• The important functions of PM include the transport of materials, mechanical barrier, cell division, formation of intercellular junctions, osmosis, endocytosis, and secretion, and it also ensures cellular integrity.

Golgi apparatus:

• Golgi apparatus are membrane-bound cell organelles with flat or disc-shaped sacs, tubules, and vesicles. 
• Its important functions include the storage, modification, and packaging of biochemical compounds.
• It is also the major site of the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Hence, the correct answer is Endoplasmic reticulum.

The term "Jain" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Jina" means conqueror of senses.

Key Points

• It shows the victory of a person from the cycle of birth and death.
• Vardhamana Mahavira was the last and 24th Tirthankara of the Jains.
• Mahavira was a kshatriya prince of the Licchavi.
• He belonged to the Vajji sangha.
• When he was about 30 years of age, he left his home.
• He roamed in forests in pursuit of the ultimate truth of life.

Additional Information

• Jainism is an ancient religion that is rooted in the philosophy that teaches the way to liberation and a path to spiritual purity and enlightenment through disciplined nonviolence to all living creatures.
• Jainism believes that the universe and all its substances or entities are eternal. It has no beginning or end with respect to time. Universe runs on its own accord by its own cosmic laws.

• Jainism came to prominence in the 6th century B.C., when Lord Mahavira propagated the religion.
• There were 24 great teachers, the last of whom was Lord Mahavira.
• These twenty-four teachers were called Tirthankaras-people who had attained all knowledge (Moksha) while living and preached it to the people.
• The first Tirthankara was Rishabnatha.

The correct answer is Ahmedabad.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi led a successful millworkers' strike in 1918 in the city of Ahmedabad, which is located in the western state of Gujarat, India.
• This strike, known as the Ahmedabad Textile Strike or Ahmedabad Mill Strike, was a significant event in India's labor movement and marked one of Gandhi's early successes as a leader and advocate for workers' rights.
• The strike lasted for several weeks and resulted in improved working conditions and better wages for the millworkers.
• The strike began when the mill owners refused to give the workers a pay raise.
• The workers were already underpaid, and they were struggling to make ends meet.
• Gandhi was asked to help the workers, and he agreed.

• He organized the workers and led them in a peaceful strike.

So the correct answer is Ahmedabad.

The correct answer is a Transfer payment.

Key Points

• A transfer payment is added to National income while computing personal income.
• National income means the value of goods and services produced by a country during a financial year.
  • It is equal to C (household consumption/personal consumption) + G (government expenditure) + I (investment expense) + NX (net exports).
• Personal income is the income that is actually obtained by citizens of the nation.
  • It is obtained by subtracting corporate taxes and payments made for social securities provisions from national income and adding to it government transfer payments, business transfer payments, and net interest paid by the government.
• In macroeconomics and finance, a transfer payment (also called a government transfer or simply transfer) is a redistribution of income and wealth by means of the government making a payment, without goods or services being received in return.

Additional Information

• In India, National Income is computed by Central Statistical Organization.
  • It coordinates the statistical activities in the country and evolves statistical standards. 
  • The main functions of C.S.O are to provide advisory services to other statistical agencies, keeping liaison (public relations) with international statistical bodies, preparing and publishing national accounts statistics, and industrial statistics, conducting an economic census, and training statistical personal in the office.

The correct answer is Coromondal coast.

Key Points

• Coromandal coast receives winter rainfall because of the retreating monsoon and the North-east Monsoon winds which pass over the Bay of Bengal.
• There they get moisture and when they reach the Tamil Nadu coasts they cause rainfall there.
• During the winter season, the northeast trade winds prevail over the country.

Additional Information

• The southern stretch of the western coast of India is called Malabar Coast.
• It is generally referred to as the narrow coastal plain of Karnataka and Kerala states between the Western Ghats range and the Arabian Sea. It primarily starts from the south of Goa.
• Konkan coast: It lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats. It covers the coastal districts of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Goa. It also includes the regions of Thane, Greater Mumbai, Raigarh, and Ratnagiri.
• Kannad Plain: It lies between Goa and Mangalore. 
• Coromandel Coast: It is the southeastern coast region of India. It is bounded by the Utkal Plains (north side), the Bay of Bengal (east side), the Kaveri delta (south side), and the Eastern Ghats (west side).

The correct answer is (3), (1), (4), (2).

Key Points

• The heart of the Mughal Empire was its capital city, where the court assembled.
• The capital cities of the Mughals frequently shifted during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
• Babur took over the Lodi capital of Agra, though during the four years of his reign the court was frequently on the move.
• During the 1560s Akbar had the fort of Agra constructed with red sandstone quarried from the adjoining regions.
• In the 1570s he decided to build a new capital, Fatehpur Sikri.
• One of the reasons prompting this may have been that Sikri was located on the direct road to Ajmer, where the dargah of Shaikh Muinuddin Chishti had become an important pilgrimage centre.
•  In 1585 the capital was transferred to Lahore to bring the north-west under greater control and Akbar closely watched the frontier for thirteen years. 
• In 1648 the court, army and household moved from Agra to the newly completed imperial capital, Shahjahanabad.
• It was a new addition to the old residential city of Delhi, with the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, a tree-lined esplanade with bazaars (Chandni Chowk) and spacious homes for the nobility.

• Shah Jahan’s new city was appropriate to a more formal vision of a grand monarchy.

Hence, we can conclude that the correct chronological order of the capital cities of the Mughals according to the timeline (from first to the last) is:

(3) Agra

(1) Fatehpur Sikri

(4) Lahore

(2) Shahjahanabad

The correct answer is Increase in the price of goods and services.

Key Points

• The increase in the price of goods and services is termed inflation.
• Inflation is measured by the inflation rate.
• The negative aspect of inflation is -

1. An increase in the opportunity cost of holding money.
2. Shortage of goods in the market.

Important Points

• The monetary or price inflation can be calculated as -

1. Producer price indices.
2. Commodity price indices.
3. Core price indices.
4. GDP deflator.

The correct answer is Bangladesh.

Key Points

Mekong River:

• The Mekong River passes through several countries in Southeast Asia.
• Here are the countries through which the Mekong River flows:
  • China: The Mekong River originates in the Tibetan Plateau of China, where it is known as the Lancang River.
  • Myanmar (Burma): The river forms the border between China and Myanmar for a short distance.
  • Laos: The Mekong River flows through Laos, providing an important waterway for transportation and fishing.
  • Thailand: The river continues its journey through Thailand, where it plays a significant role in agriculture and trade.
  • Cambodia: The Mekong River forms the border between Laos and Cambodia and flows through the capital city, Phnom Penh.
  • Vietnam: The river flows into Vietnam, where it splits into multiple distributaries before emptying into the South China Sea.
• These countries along the Mekong River share a common ecosystem and rely on the river for various aspects of life, including transportation, agriculture, and tourism.

The correct answer is Deccan.

• The Vindhyan Mountains form a dividing line between the Ganges plain and Deccan Plateau. 
• It is a part of the Vindhyan system.
• Its range extends from Rajasthan to Bihar.
• It is separated from the Aravallis by the Great Boundary Fault. 
• In Rajasthan, the Northwestern margin of Vindhyan Basin is characterized by a major fault extending over a distance of about 400 km from Chittorgarh to Machilpur designated this fault as the Great Boundary Fault of Rajasthan and considered it as the limit of Vindhyan sedimentation.
• The famous red sandstone is found here, as well as the Panna and Golconda diamond mines.

The correct answer is To provide refinance to Micro enterprises

Key Points

• ​Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd. (MUDRA)
  • Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA Bank) is a public sector financial institution in India.
  • It provides loans at low rates to micro-finance institutions and non-banking financial institutions which then provide credit to MSMEs.
  • It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8 April 2015.
  • The MUDRA banks were set up under the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana scheme.
  • The loans are provided into three categories:
    • ​Shishu: Allowed loans up to Rs. 50 Thousand.
    • Kishor: Allowed loans up to Rs. 5 Lakh.
    • Tarun: Allowed loans up to Rs. 10 Lakh.