The correct answer is 2 i.e. Quit India Movement.

Key Points

Quit India Movement:

• The failure of the Cripps Mission and the fear of an imminent Japanese invasion of India led Mahatma Gandhi to begin his battle for the British to leave India.
• Mahatma Gandhi believed that an interim government could be made only after the British left India and the Hindu-Muslim problem sorted out.
• Detail of the movement:
  • The All India Congress Committee gathered at Bombay on 8 August 1942 and passed the famous Quit India Resolution.
  • On the same day, Gandhi gave his call of ‘do or die’.
  • On 8th and 9th August 1942, the government seized all the prominent leaders of the Congress.
  • For once, this pre-prepared action of the government left the Indian people without leadership.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was held in prison at Poona.
  • Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Abul Kalam Azad, and other leaders were detained in the Ahmednagar Fort.
  • At this time, leadership was provided by Ram Manohar Lohia, Achyuta, and S.M. Joshi.
  • The role of Jayaprakash Narain in this movement was significant.

Additional Information

The reach of the Movement:

• A large number of students also left their schools and colleges to join the movement.
• The youth of the nation also participated in this movement with patriotism.
• Strikes, demonstrations and public meetings were organized in various towns and cities.
• Slowly the movement spread in the rural areas.
• In 1943, as the movement gained further momentum, there were armed attacks on government buildings in Madras and Bengal.
• In 1944 Mahatma Gandhi was released from jail. Quit India Movement was the final attempt for the country’s freedom.
• The British Government ordered for 538 rounds of firing. Nearly 60,229 persons were jailed. At least 7,000 people were killed.
• This movement paved the way for India’s freedom. It moved among Indians the feelings of bravery, enthusiasm, and sacrifice.

The correct answer is a Union of State.

Key Points

• The constitution of India describes India as a Union of State.
• The Union and its Territories:
  • Article 1 describes India, i.e. Bharat, as a Union of States.
  • According to Article 1, the Territory of India can be classified into three categories:
    • Territories of the States.
    • Union Territories.
    • Territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any time.
• At present, there are 28 states and 8 Union territories in the country. 
• Article 2 empowers the Parliament to admit into the Union of India, or establish new states on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.

Additional Information

• Quasi-federal means an intermediate form of state between a unitary state and a federation.
• An unitary state is governed as a single entity in which the central government is ultimately supreme.

Important Points

•  Article - 3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
• Article - 4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.

The correct answer is Iron.

Key Points

•  Hemoglobin is a molecule inside the red blood cells of human blood.
  • It has two parts: the Heme and the Globin. 
•  The heme contains iron and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues as well as takes carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

Additional Information

• The oxygen carried by hemeproteins such as haemoglobin and myoglobin is bound directly to the ferrous iron (Fe2+) atom of the heme prosthetic group.
• Oxidation of the iron to the ferric (Fe3+) state renders the molecule incapable of normal oxygen binding.
• Haemoglobin is a molecule inside the red blood cells of human blood.
• It has two parts: the heme and the globin
• The heme contains iron and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues as well as takes carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
• The most common types of normal hemoglobin are:
  • Hemoglobin A - This is the most common type of hemoglobin found normally in adults. 
  • Hemoglobin F (fetal hemoglobin) -  This type is normally found in fetuses and newborn babies. 
  • Hemoglobin A2 -  This is a normal type of hemoglobin found in small amounts in adults.

The correct answer is Himalayas

Key Points

• Himalayas are the most likely area to experience landslides.
• The Himalayas are characterized by steep slopes, high seismic activity, and heavy rainfall, which contribute to frequent landslides.
• Landslides in the Himalayas can be triggered by natural factors like earthquakes, heavy monsoon rains, and snowmelt, as well as human activities such as deforestation and construction.
• The region's geology, consisting of loose and unconsolidated materials, further exacerbates the risk of landslides.

Additional Information

• The Himalayan range extends across five countries: Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
• It is home to some of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest.
• Efforts to mitigate landslide risks in the Himalayas include afforestation, slope stabilization, and the construction of retaining walls.
• Understanding the local geology and implementing early warning systems are crucial for disaster preparedness in this region.

The correct answer is 97th Amendment Act, 2011.

Key Points

• 97th Amendment Act, 2011
  • The right to form cooperative societies is a fundamental right that has been provided in the Indian Constitution.
  • It is enshrined in Article 19(c) of the Constitution, which guarantees the freedom to form associations or unions.
  • This right was added to the Constitution by the 97th Amendment Act of 2011.
  • Article 19(1)(c) guarantees all citizens the right "to form associations or unions or co-operative societies".
  • However, this right, like other rights under Article 19, is not absolute and is subject to reasonable restrictions under clause (4) of the same article, namely "in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence".

Additional Information

Important Points

•  Note that by the recent 104th Constitutional Amendment Act,
  • the reservation of SC/STs is extended for further 10 years but the reservation of Anglo Indians in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies is abolished by this Amendment Act.

The correct answer is accommodation.

Key Points

• The ability of the eye to focus on both, near and distant objects, by adjusting its focal length, is called the accommodation of the eye.
  • The muscles in our eye can adjust the focus of the lens present in our eye to focus on different objects at different times at different distances.
  • Due to this ability, our eye can focus on near as well as far away objects, and this ability is called the power of accommodation. 
  • The maximum power of accommodation of the eye for a person having normal vision (d = 25 cm) is 4 Dioptre.

Additional Information

• Myopia- The human eye can see a nearby object clearly but cannot see far away object clearly.
• Hypermetropia- The human eye can see distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby objects clearly.
• Presbyopia- In this defect, both near and far objects are not clearly visible. It is an old age disease and it is due to the losing power of accommodation.
• Astigmatism- In this defect, the eye cannot see horizontal and vertical lines clearly, simultaneously. It is due to the imperfect spherical nature of the eye lens.

The Correct Answer is Invest in women: Accelerate Progress.

In News

• International Women's Day 2024: 8th March.

Key Points

• Celebrated annually on March 8th, International Women's Day (IWD) is a global event focused on recognizing the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women.
• The theme of International Women's Day 2024 will focus on 'Invest in Women: Accelerate Progress,' targeting economic disempowerment.
• However, the campaign theme for the same year is 'Inspire Inclusion.'
• In 1975, the United Nations celebrated International Women's Day on March 8th for the first time.
• Since then, the UN has become the primary sponsor of the annual event and has encouraged countries around the world to embrace its goal of celebrating 'acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of their countries and communities.'

The correct answer is option 1, i.e Nayanar.

• Nayanar is called Shaivism in the Bhakti Movement.

• The seventh to ninth centuries saw the emergence of new religious movements, led by the Nayanars (saints devoted to Shiva) and Alvars (saints devoted to Vishnu).

• They came from all castes including those considered “untouchable” like the Pulaiyar and the Panars.

• They were sharply critical of the Buddhists and Jains and preached ardent love of Shiva or Vishnu as the path to salvation.
• They drew upon the ideals of love and heroism as found in the Sangam literature (the earliest example of Tamil literature, composed during the early centuries of the Common Era), and blended them with the values of bhakti.
• There were 63 Nayanars, best known among them were Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar and Manikkavasagar.
• There were 12 Alvars, who came from equally divergent backgrounds, the best known being Periyalvar, his daughter Andal, Tondaradippodi Alvar and Nammalvar.
• Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.

Trick to remember - If you reverse "A" of Alvar, you get V or Vishnu. Hence Alvars are devotees of Vishnu. The other term would be for Shiva Devotees.

​Bodhisattva:

• An individual who is on the path of getting enlightenment to become a buddha is referred to as Bodhisattva.

Wali:

• The terms Sufi, Wali, Darvesh, and Faqir are used for Muslim saints.
• Wali was a Sufi who claimed proximity to Allah.
• They are the saints who attempted to achieve the development of their intuitive faculties through ascetic exercises, contemplation, renunciation, and self-denial.

The Correct Answer is 18.

In News

• BWF Para Badminton World Championships 2024: Suhas Yathiraj, Krishna Nagar, Pramod Bhagat win gold.

Key Points

• Indian shuttlers bagged 18 medals, including three gold, four silver and 11 bronze, at the BWF Para Badminton World Championships 2024, which concluded in Pattaya, Thailand.
• List of all winners:
  • Suhas Yathiraj - gold medal (men’s singles SL 4)
  • Sukant Kadam - bronze medal (men’s singles SL 4)
  • Krishna Nagar - gold medal (men’s singles SH 6)
  • Pramod Bhagat - gold medal (men’s Singles SL 3)
  • Nitesh Kumar - bronze medal (men’s Singles SL 3)
  • Manoj Sarkar - bronze medal (men’s Singles SL 3)
  • Manisha Ramadass - silver medal (women’s singles SU 5)
  • Manasi Joshi - bronze medal (women’s singles SL 3)
  • Palak Kohli - bronze medal (women’s singles SL 4)
  • Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan - bronze medal (women’s singles SH 6)
  • Pramod Bhagat/Sukant Kadam - bronze medal (men’s doubles SL 3 - SL 4)
  • Nehal Gupta/Naveen Sivakumar - bronze medal (men’s doubles SL 3 - SL 4)
  • Chirag Baretha/Rajkumar - silver medal (men’s doubles SU 5)
  • Manasi Joshi/Thulasimathi Murugesan - silver medal (women’s doubles SL 3 - SU 5)
  • Mandeep Kaur/Manish Ramadass - bronze medal (women’s doubles SL 3 - SU 5)
  • Rachana Patel/Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan silver medal (women’s doubles SH 6)
  • Chirag Baretha/Mandeep Kaur - bronze medal (mixed doubles SL 3 - SU 5)
  • Pramod Bhagat/Manisha Ramadass - bronze medal (mixed doubles SL 3 - SU 5)

The correct answer is Narmada.

Key Points

• Tawa River is the tributary of the Narmada River.
• It is the longest tributary of the Narmada River.
• Its origin is in the Satpura range.
• It meets the Narmada at Hoshangabad district.
• Its length is 172 km.

Additional Information

Narmada

• The Narmada River originates from the Narmada Kund located in Amarkantak, Anuppur district in Madhya Pradesh.
• Amarkantak is located on Maikal Mountain. 
• The Narmada River forms the unmarked boundary between North and South India.
• The major tributaries of the Narmada are Barna, Tawa, Kanar, Kolar, Man, Hatni, Uri, Shakkar, etc.
• It flows westwards (1, 312 km) before falling into the Gulf of Khambhat.
• The Narmada River is the longest river in Madhya Pradesh and it's called "The Lifeline of Madhya Pradesh".
• The waterfalls created by the Narmada River include Kapil Dhara and Dudh Dhara Falls (Anuppur), Dhuandhar Falls (Bhedaghat, Jabalpur), Sahasradhara Falls (Maheshwar, Khargone), Dardhi Falls, Manadhata Falls, etc

Tapti

• Its ancient name was Tapi.
• According to religious beliefs, It is also known as “Surya-Putri” i.e. Daughter of the Sun and Saturn’s Sister.
• It originates from the Multai of Betul district.
• It flows into the Arab Sea in the Gulf of Khambat (Gulf of Combay) near Surat of Gujrat.
• The total length of the Tapti River is 725 kilometers.
• Its total basin area is 65,145 square kilometers, out of which 51,504 square kilometers lie in Madhya Pradesh.

Krishna

• The Krishna River is an east-flowing river that originates in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra. 
• It flows from Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
• The length of the river is around 1401 km long.
• It is the fourth largest river in India after Ganga, Godavari, and Brahmaputra.
• The left bank tributaries of Krishna are Bhima, Dindi, Paleru, and Musi.
• Whereas its right bank tributaries are Koyana, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Venna, Malprabha, Ghatprabha and Tungabhadra.