The correct answer is Jorn Utzon.

• Jorn Utzon was the name behind the design and build the Sydney Opera House.
• His vision for a sculptural, curved building on the harbour broke away radically from the cube and rectangular shapes of modernist architecture.

• Sydney Opera house is a multi-venue performing arts center located in Sydney, South Wales, Australia.

The Correct Answer Is Uttarakhand.

Key Points

• Igas Festival: 
  • Igas festival is also known as Budhi Diwali.
  • This is the 5-day long festival, start on the first 'Amavasya after the regular Diwali.
  •  It is celebrated by the people of the Jaunsar Bawar region in Uttarakhand.
  • one month after Diwali as it is believed that the news of Lord Ram’s homecoming to Ayodhya reached the hills late.
  • People celebrate it by dancing with Virah songs.
  • The Rasa Dance is one of the major attractions during the celebration.

Important Points

• Other Famous festivals of Uttarakhand:

• Sikandar Lodhi was the founder of the City of Agra.
• It was founded in the 16^th century and Sikander shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra.
• Bahlul Khan Lodhi founded the Lodhi dynasty and overthrew the Sayyid dynasty.
• Ibrahim Lodhi was the last ruler of the Lodhi dynasty.
• He was overthrown by Babur in the first battle of Panipat in 1526.

The correct answer is Bharati and Maitri.

Confusion Points

• As of today, India has two operational research stations in Antarctica named Maitri and Bharati.
• Dakshin Gangotri was the first scientific base station of India situated in Antarctica, part of the Indian Antarctic Programme. It is not operational.

Key Points

• The Indian Antarctic expeditions began in 1981. The first trip comprised a team of 21 scientists and support staff led by Dr. SZ Qasim. After a humble beginning, the Indian Antarctic programme has now been credited to have built three permanent research base stations in Antarctica—named Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati.
• Bharati and Maitri are India's permanent and operational research stations in Antarctica.
• Maitri Research Station:
  • It was built and finished in 1989, shortly before the first station Dakshin Gangotri was buried in ice and got abandoned in 1990–91. It is not operational now.
  • It is currently being used as a supply base and transit camp.
  • The base is named after Dakshin Gangotri Glacier. It was established during the third Indian expedition to Antarctica in 1983–84.
  • Maitri Research Station is in the rocky mountainous region of Antarctica, called Schirmacher Oasis.
  • It is equipped with modern technology and facilities which are used to research in various fields such as earth science, meteorology, glaciology, etc.
• Bharati Research Station:
  • It is India's third Antarctic research facility and one of two active Indian research stations, alongside Maitri.
  • The mandate focuses on oceanographic studies and the phenomenon of continental breakup.
  • It also facilitates research to refine the current understanding of the Indian subcontinent's geological history.

The correct answer is remains same.

Concept:

Sound

• Sound is a form of energy which produces a sensation of hearing in our ears.
• Sound is produced by vibrating objects. The matter or substance through which sound is transmitted is called a medium. It can be solid, liquid or gas. 

Explanation:

• As the loudness of the mobile ringtone increases, the frequency of the ringtone remains same.
• The loudness is expressed in a unit called decibel (dB). 
• Loudness is the physical response of the ear to the intensity of sound.
• A sound with more energy is referred to as a strong sound.
• Loudness of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the vibration producing the sound. 
• Loudness ∝ (amplitude)²
• The loudness of sound waves does not depend on the frequency of the sound waves. 
• Loudness and Amplitude: Loudness is the perception of how intense or strong a sound seems to our ears. It is directly related to the amplitude of a sound wave.
  • Increasing the amplitude increases the loudness, while decreasing the amplitude decreases the loudness.
• Frequency and Pitch: Frequency is the number of oscillations (cycles) that a sound wave completes in one second, measured in Hertz (Hz).
  • Pitch is the perceptual attribute of the sound that allows us to classify it as higher or lower; it is directly related to the frequency of the sound wave.
  • Higher frequency corresponds to a higher pitch, and lower frequency corresponds to a lower pitch.
• Intensity and Energy: Intensity is the amount of energy a sound wave carries per unit area per unit time, and it is proportional to the square of the amplitude.

Higher intensity results in louder sounds but does not affect the frequency.

Mistake Points

• Loudness is related to amplitude.
• Pitch is related to frequency.
• Intensity is associated with energy of the sound wave and is proportional to amplitude squared.

Additional Information

• When the amplitude is greater, the loudness of the sound is also higher.
• When the amplitude is low, the sound produced will be dim.

The correct answer is helium.

Key Points

• Alpha Particle
  • α-particles consist of two protons and two neutrons.
  • They are doubly-charged helium ions. Since they have a mass of 4 u, the fast-moving α-particles have considerable energy.
  •  An alpha particle is obtained by removing 2 electrons from a helium atom. So, an alpha particle is a doubly-charged helium ion.
•  Helium:
  • Helium is a chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2.
  • It is a colourless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas and the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table.
  •  Its boiling and melting point are the lowest among all the elements.
  • It is the second lightest and most abundant element in the observable universe (hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant).

Additional Information

• Lithium
  • ​Lithium is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3.
  • It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements.
• ​Beryllium
  • Beryllium is very similar to Aluminium.
  • Beryllium is soft and has a low density.
  • It is used in gears and in alloys with copper or nickel.
  • Beryllium is used in Nuclear Reactors.
  • Oxides of Beryllium have a high melting point.
• Hydrogen​
  • Hydrogen was discovered by Henry Cavendish.
  • Hydrogen gas is called as the fuel of the future.
  • Most abundant element in the universe: Hydrogen.
  • Most abundant element on earth's crust: Oxygen
  • Hydrogen is the 'lightest element' in the periodic table.
  • Lithium is the 'lightest metal' in the periodic table.

The correct answer is Option 2.

In News

• Down To Earth: Globally, women have just two-thirds of legal rights given to men, finds World Bank.

Key Points

Women, Business and the Law 2024 report:

• Legal rights for women worldwide are significantly lower than initially perceived, according to a new report by the World Bank Group. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Women, Business and the Law 2024 report was released on March 4, 2023. The Multilateral Development Bank releases a series of reports every year that analyze laws and regulations affecting women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. 
• The paper presented an in-depth analysis of the challenges obstructing women’s entry into the global workforce, hindering their ability to contribute to prosperity for themselves, their families, and their communities.
• Eliminating discriminatory laws and practices hindering women from working or initiating businesses could result in a more than 20 percent increase in global gross domestic product. This, in turn, has the potential to double the rate of global growth in the upcoming decade.
• The new index measured performance on legal frameworks across 10 indicators: Safety, mobility, workplace, pay, marriage, parenthood, childcare, entrepreneurship, assets, and pension. Two of these indicators were crucial, the World Bank pointed out — safety from violence and access to childcare services. 
• Notably, no country, including the most affluent economies, ensures equal opportunities for women, the latest report found. However, India’s rank has marginally improved to 113, with a score of 74.4 percent. While the country’s score has remained constant since 2021, its ranking witnessed a decline from 122 in 2021 to 125 in 2022 and further to 126 in the 2023 index. 
• Indian women have just 60 percent of the legal rights compared to men, slightly below the global average of 64.2 percent.
• When it comes to supportive frameworks, India scored higher than both the global and South Asian averages. The lowest indicator in frameworks was childcare and the report recommended creating a publicly accessible registry or database of childcare providers and implementing a well-defined application process for parents seeking government financial support for childcare services, among others.

The correct answer is Cs.

Key Points

• Cesium (Cs) is the most electropositive element.
• Electropositivity increases down the group and decreases in a period.
• Cs is a chemical element of Group 1 of the periodic table, the alkali metal group.
• The atomic number of Cs is 55.
• The most common use for cesium compounds is as a drilling fluid.
  • It is also used to make special optical glass, as a catalyst promoter, in vacuum tubes, and in radiation monitoring equipment.
  • One of its most important uses is in the 'cesium clock' (atomic clock).

Important Points

• Cesium (Cs) and francium (Fr) are the least electronegative (most electropositive) elements (EN = 0.7).
• Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative (least electropositive) element (EN = 4.0).
• Increasing order of electropositivity: Li < Mg < K < Cs

The correct answer is Rukmini.

Key Points

• Rukmini satellite:
  • It is also known as GSAT-7.
  • It was launched on Aug 30, 2013.
  • It was launched by Ariane 5 ECA rocket from Kourou in French Guiana.
  • It was the first military communication satellite developed by the ISRO for the Indian Defence forces, with the Indian Navy being the primary user.
  • It is an advanced communication satellite built by ISRO to provide a wide range of service spectrum from low-bit rate voice to high-bit-rate data communication.
  • Its payload is designed to provide communication capabilities to users over a wide oceanic region including the Indian land-mass.

Additional Information

• Aryabhata
  • It was India's first satellite.
  • It was launched in 1975.
• Rohini RS-1
  • It was India's first indigenous satellite launch that was used for measuring the in-flight performance of the second experimental launch of SLV-3.
  • It was launched in 1980.
• ​Apple
  • It was the first experimental communication satellite.
  • It was launched in 1981.

The correct option is Portuguese Missionaries.

Key Points

• Portuguese missionaries brought the printing press in Goa in the mid 16th century.
• Portuguese priests learned Konkani and printed several tracts.
• By 1674, they printed around 50 books in the Konkani and Kanara languages.

Additional Information

• Some of the books which were printed includes Conclusoes e outras coisas, Confecionarios, and Doutrina Christa.
• Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in the 15th century in Europe.