The correct answer is option 1 i.e 1951.

• The Representation of the People Act was passed in 1951.
  • Representation of Peoples Act 1951 provides for the actual conduct of elections in India.
  • Act deals with the election of the Parliament and State Legislatures, the qualifications, and disqualifications for membership of Parliament and state legislatures
  • It was introduced in Parliament by the then law minister Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
  • It was enacted under Article 327 of the Indian Constitution before the first general election in India.
  • Representation of the People’s Act contains 13 parts.
• Articles 324 to 329 deal with the electoral system in India.
• The Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill, 2016 was introduced by Varun Gandhi in Lok Sabha.

Important parts in Representation of People Act 1951:

The correct answer is Women will have 33% reservations in Panchayati Raj Institutions.

Key Points

• The 73rd Constitutional Amendment has made a provision that at least one-third of women would be members and chair persons of Panchayats.
• The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act was passed in 1992 and it came into effect on 24 April 1993.
• Article 243-D gives provisions for the due representation of women and SC/STs.

Additional Information

• In order to celebrate this and further give impetus to the institutions, the central government in 2010 decided to observe 24th April every year as National Panchayati Raj Day.
• This act added a new Part-IX to the Indian Constitution.
• This section is titled 'The Panchayats' and it contains provisions from Articles 243 to 243 O.
• The Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) consists of three levels:
  • Gram Panchayat at the village level.
  • Block Panchayat or Panchayat Samiti at the intermediate level.
  • Zilla Panchayat at the district level.

The correct option is 1989.

Key Points

• The Election Commission was a single-member body when it was set up in 1950 till October 1989, with only the Chief Election Commissioner as its only member.
• After the Election Commissioner Amendment Act 1989, it has been made a multi-member body.
• Since October 1989 up to today, it is a three-member commission with one Chief Election Commissioner and two election commissioners.
• Prompted by the Supreme Court's observation in S. S. Dhanoa's case and also in the wake of certain controversial decisions taken by the CEC resulting in a serious confrontation between the Commission and the Government of India, the latter decided to provide for a Multi-member Election Commission.

Additional Information

• The Election Commission of India (Articles 324 to 329) was formed on 25 January 1950;
• The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies, state legislative Councils, and the offices of the President and Vice President of the country.
• Chief Election Commissioner - Rajiv Kumar

The correct answer is Part XII.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India is grouped into 25 parts which are as follows:-

Confusion Points

• The original Indian Constitution had 22 parts and 395 articles. Later 3 parts were added to it as amendments making the tally 25.

The correct answer is 35 years.

Key Points

• The minimum age prescribed by the Constitution of India for appointment as Governor of a state is 35 years.
• Governor is the constitutional head of each state appointed by the president for a term of 5 years. 
• To become a governor of a state one should not be a member of either house of the parliament or the house of the state legislature and he should not hold any other office of profit. 
• Articles 153 to 167 in Part VI of the Constitution deal with the state executive.

Additional Information

• 25 years - Minimum age for membership in the Legislative Assembly& also Minimum age to become a member of Lok Sabha.
• 30 years- Minimum age for membership in the Legislative Council & also Minimum age to become a member of Rajya Sabha.
• 35 years- Minimum age to become a President.
• 18 years- Voting age of citizens of India. Before it was 21 years, but according to the 61st amendment act, it reduces to 18 years.

According to Article 222, The President, after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, transfer a Judge from one High Court to any other High Court.

The correct answer is II Five year plan​.

Key Points

II Five year plan:

• It was made for the duration of 1956 to 1961, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. 
• It was based on the P.C. Mahalanobis Model made in the year 1953. 
• Its main focus was on the industrial development of the country.
• The term 'Socialistic Pattern of Society" was commented upon and elaborated in the Second Five Year Plan document and a long-term strategy for the economic advance was formulated based on that concept.
• This plan lags behind its target growth rate of 4.5% and achieved a growth rate of 4.27%.
• However, this plan was criticized by many experts and as a result, India faced a payment crisis in the year 1957.

Additional Information

I Five-year plan:

• It was launched for the duration of 1951 to 1956, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. 
• It was based on the Harrod-Domar model with a few modifications. 
• Its main focus was on the agricultural development of the country.
• This plan was successful and achieved a growth rate of 3.6% (more than its target of 2.1%). 
• At the end of this plan, five IITs were set up in the country.

IV Five-year plan:

• Its duration was from 1969 to 1974, under the leadership of Indira Gandhi. 
• There were two main objectives of this plan i.e. growth with stability and progressive achievement of self-reliance.
• During this time, 14 major Indian banks were nationalized and the Green Revolution was started.
• Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the Bangladesh Liberation War took place. 
• Implementation of Family Planning was amongst major targets of the Plan
• This plan failed and could achieve a growth rate of 3.3% only against the target of 5.7%.

III Five year plan:

• It was made for the duration of 1961 to 1966, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. 
• This plan is also called ‘Gadgil Yojna’, after the Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission D.R. Gadgil.
• The main target of this plan was to make the economy independent.
• The stress was laid on agriculture and the improvement in the production of wheat. 
• During the execution of this plan, India was engaged in two wars: (1) the Sino-India war of 1962 and (2) the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965.
• These wars exposed the weakness in our economy and shifted the focus to the defence industry, the Indian Army, and the stabilization of the price (India witnessed inflation). 
• The plan was a flop due to wars and drought.
• The target growth was 5.6% while the achieved growth was 2.4%.

Option 2 is correct, i.e. Reserve Bank of India.

Key Points

• Repo Rate:- It is a rate at which the central bank (RBI) lends money to its clients against the government securities.
• Reverse Repo- It is the rate at which the central bank (RBI) borrows money from its clients.
• Reverse Repo is used in India as a tool in which banks will give their surplus fund to RBI for a short-term period and earn money.
• The repo rate is always higher than the reverse repo rate.
• Repo and Reverse repo rates are decided by the Monitory policy committee (MPC) of RBI.
• A bank rate is the interest rate at which a nation's central bank lends money to domestic banks, often in the form of very short-term loans. Managing the bank rate is a method by which central banks affect economic activity.
• Lower bank rates can help to expand the economy by lowering the cost of funds for borrowers, and higher bank rates help to reign in the economy when inflation is higher than desired.
• SEBI-
  • SEBI is the Securities and Exchange Board of India.
  • It is the regulator of the Indian securities market and was established in the year 1988.
  •  The headquarters of SEBI located in Mumbai.
  • It was given statutory powers through the SEBI Act, 1992 on 30 January 1992, thus making it a statutory body
• NABARD  NABARD refers to the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.

The correct answer is Prathama Grameen Bank.

Key Points

• The first Regional Rural Bank “Prathama Grameen Bank” was set up on October 2, 1975.
• At present, there are 82 RRBs in India. 
• The equity of a regional rural bank is held by the Central Government, the concerned State Government and the Sponsor Bank in the proportion of 50:15:35
• The purpose was to include rural areas into the economic mainstream since around 70% of the Indian population was rural. Prathama Bank, with head office in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh was the first RRB.

Additional Information

• In October 1983, the Grameen Bank Project was transformed into an independent bank by government legislation.
• Today Grameen Bank is owned by the rural poor whom it serves. Borrowers of the Bank own 90% of its shares, while the remaining 10% is owned by the government.
• The journey of Vikas Bank which started as a small dream of like-minded friends to the proud moment of being a prestigious cooperative bank is a curious and inspirational one
• A group of social-minded youths of Sindhanur in Raichur district came together to form Vikas Yuvaka Mandali in 1979.

The correct answer is between knee joints.

• The knee joint is an example of a hinge joint that allows movement in one plane.
• In this knee joint, the bone doesn't get rubbed with each other.

Key Points

• The hinge joint is a type of synovial joint which helps in bending and avoiding friction due to the presence of synovial fluid.
• Synovial fluid is a lubricating material that allows movement without getting rubbed.
• Bone combined with Ligaments, muscles, and tendons provides strength to the joint place.

Additional Information