The correct answer is Option 2.

In News

News: Eight years after concluding the general framework of cooperation on the Chabahar port, India and Iran signed a 10-year contract for its operation.

Key Points

Chabahar Port:

• Chabahar Port is one of the important ports in Iran.
• Chabahar Port is located in the Gulf of Oman and is the only oceanic port in the country. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Importance of Chabahar port for India:
  • With this, India can bypass Pakistan in transporting goods to Afghanistan.
  • It will also boost India’s access to Iran, the key gateway to the International North-South Transport Corridor that has sea, rail, and road routes between India, Russia, Iran, Europe, and Central Asia.
  • It also helps India counter the Chinese presence in the Arabian Sea which China is trying to ensure by helping Pakistan develop the Gwadar port.
  • Gwadar port is less than 400 km from Chabahar by road and 100 km by sea.
  • From a diplomatic perspective, Chabahar port could be used as a point from which humanitarian operations could be coordinated.

The correct answer is III.

Key Points

• Fundamental Rights
  • The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12-35). Part III of the Constitution is described as the Magna Carta of India.
  • ‘Magna Carta’, the Charter of Rights issued by King John of England in 1215 was the first written document relating to the Fundamental Rights of citizens.
  • The Fundamental Rights are justiciable because when violated the aggrieved individual can move the courts for their enforcement.
  • The Supreme Court or High Courts have the power to issue directions or orders or writs for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights.

Additional Information

• The Constitution of India provides for six Fundamental Rights
  • Right to equality (Articles 14–18)
  • Right to freedom (Articles 19–22)
  • Right against exploitation (Articles 23–24)
  • Right to freedom of religion (Articles 25–28)
  • Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29–30)
  • Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)
• Originally the constitution also included the Right to property (Article 31).
  • However, it was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
  • It is made a legal right under Article 300-A in Part XII of the Constitution.
• Part IV
  • Part IV (Article 36-51) of the Indian Constitution is related to Directive Principles of our State Policy.
  • It is not enforceable by any court but these are fundamental in the governance of the country.
  • It is the duty of the government to apply these principles in law-making.
  • These principles have been taken from the Constitution of Ireland.
• Part VI
  • ​The Governor of a State shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the State extends.
• Part IX 
  • Part IX of the Indian Constitution contains provisions for the Panchayats.
  • Part IX tells about a three-tier Panchayati Raj System which would be constituted in every state at the village level, intermediate level, and district level.
  • 73rd  Constitutional Amendment Act added Part IX to the constitution with the title “The Panchayats” covering provisions from Article 243 to 243(O).
  • Part VIII contains provisions for Union Territories.
  • The fifth Schedule contains provisions for the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
  • Article 244 contains provisions for the administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Cabinet Mission Plan.

• The constitution of India was framed by a Constitution Assembly set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946.
• The Cabinet Mission came to India to discuss the transfer of power from the British Government to the Indian leadership with a view to preserving the peace and democracy of India.
• The Cabinet Mission Plan was a declaration issued by the Cabinet Mission and the Viceroy, Lord Wavell, on May 16, 1946, which included recommendations on India 's constitutional future after the inability of Indian political parties and members to find an agreement.
• The Cabinet Mission members were: Lord Pethick-Lawrence, President of the Board of Trade, Secretary of State for India, Sir Stafford Cripps and A.V. Alexander, First Lord of Admiralty.
• In September 1945, the newly elected Labor Government in Britain announced its intention to set up a Constituent Assembly for India to establish the Constitution of India; the Cabinet Mission was sent to India in March 1946 to do so.

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Key Points

• The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London. 
• It superseded the London Indian Society and was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government.
• The Association produced a journal (Journal of the East India Association) from its inception which included the papers that were delivered before their meetings.

Additional Information

• Dadabhai Naoroji, the “Grand Old Man of India”, was the first Indian member of the British parliament.
• In 1865 and 1866, Naoroji helped found the London Indian Society and the East India Association respectively.
• He was Congress president thrice, in 1886, 1893, and 1906.
• Dadabhai Naoroji was among the key proponents of the ‘Drain Theory’, disseminating it in his 1901 book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’.
• Dadabhai Naoroji was born to a Gujarati-speaking Parsi family in Bombay, British India.
• He formed the London India Society in 1865 to put forth views on Indian political, social and literary subjects. 
• He was a founder-member of the Indian National Congress which he formed in 1885 along with Dinshaw Wacha and Allan Octavian Hume.
• He also founded the Rahnumae Mazdayasne Sabha in 1851 to revive the Zoroastrian religion.
• He died in 1917 in Bombay aged 91.

The correct answer is concave.

• If a hollow sphere is cut into parts and the outer surface of the cut part is painted, then it becomes a mirror with its inner surface as the reflecting surface. This kind of mirror is known as a concave mirror.
• Uses of the concave mirror :
  • ​They are often used as shaving mirrors to see a larger image of the face.
  • Concave mirrors are commonly used in torches, search lights, and vehicle headlights to get powerful parallel beams of light.
  • The dentists use concave mirrors to see large images of the teeth of patients.
  • Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solar furnaces.

Additional Information

• A convex mirror is a spherical reflecting surface (or any reflecting surface fashioned into a portion of a sphere) in which its bulging side faces the source of light.
• Convex mirrors are commonly used as rear-view (wing) mirrors in vehicles.
• A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat reflective surface. For light rays striking a plane mirror, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.

• Our Solar System is a part of the ‘Milky Way’ galaxy.
• Milky Way galaxy is the huge crunch of stars which are congregated together in the Universe space.
• Milky Way galaxy is a barred spiral with four major arms in its disk, one spur and outer arm. It was formed around 12 billion years ago.

The correct answer is Horizontal equal halves.

Key Points

• The equator is an imaginary line that divides the earth into two equal parts, i.e. in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
• Tropic of Cancer is the northerly circle of latitude on earth at which the sun gets directly overhead.
• Tropic of Capricorn is the southernmost latitude where the sun is directly overhead.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. Aurangzeb.

Key Points

• The Moti Masjid is made out of white marble, located inside the Red Fort close to Diwan-e-Khas in Delhi, India.
• It was built by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb from 1659-1660 for his second wife Nawab Bai.

Confusion Points

• The Moti Masjid of Agra was built by Shah Jahan.

Explanation:

• The correct option is 4 Sub-mucosa, It contains nerves and blood vessels. 
• The wall of the alimentary canal from oesophagus to rectum possesses four layers namely serosa, muscularis, sub-mucosa, and mucosa.
• Serosa: The serosa is the outermost layer and is made up of a thin mesothelium (epithelium of visceral organs) with some connective tissues. It is also called tunica adventitia in the oesophagus.
• Muscularis: Muscularis is formed by smooth muscles usually arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer. An oblique muscle layer may be present in some regions.
• Sub-mucosa: The submucosal layer is formed of loose connective tissues containing nerves, blood, and lymph vessels. In the duodenum, glands are also present in the sub-mucosa.
• Mucosa: It is the innermost layer of the gut that contains the secretory and absorptive cells. This layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine. It is differentiated into 3 parts:

1. The outer part called mucosa muscularis: It is made up of longitudinal and circular muscles. It has an important role in exposing surface area for the absorption
2. The middle part called lamina propria. It contains few modified lymphatic tissues which provide immunity. Eg. peyer's patches.
3. The innermost part called the mucosal layer.

The correct answer is to Build best in class manufacturing infrastructure in the country.

Key Points

• Make in India
  • It is a major national program of the Government of India designed to facilitate investment, foster innovation, enhance skill development, protect intellectual property and build best in class manufacturing infrastructure in the country. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
  • The primary objective of this initiative is to attract investments from across the globe and strengthen India’s manufacturing sector.
  • It is being led by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.
  • The Make in India program is very important for the economic growth of India as it aims at utilizing the existing Indian talent base, creating additional employment opportunities, and empowering the secondary and tertiary sectors.
  • The program also aims at improving India’s rank on the Ease of Doing Business index by eliminating unnecessary laws and regulations, making bureaucratic processes easier, making the government more transparent, responsive, and accountable.
  • The initiative was formally introduced on September 25, 2014, by Mr. Modi at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, in the presence of business giants from India.
  • The focus of the Make in India program is on 25 sectors.
  • These include automobiles, automobile components, aviation, biotechnology, chemicals, construction, defense manufacturing electrical machinery, electronic systems, food processing, IT & BPM, leather, media and entertainment, mining, oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, ports and shipping, railways, renewable energy, roads and highways, space, textile and garments, thermal power, tourism and hospitality, and wellness.