The correct answer is third.

Key Points

• ​The population of States in India (Census 2011)

Kalidas is the author of 'Abhijnanashakuntalam'.

Key Points

• Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit writer, extensively considered as the greatest poet and dramatist of Gupta Period. 

• He was one of the nine gems or navratans in the court of Chadragupta II.

• The six major works of Kalidasa are:

  • Abhijnanashakuntalam

  • Vikramorvashiya

  • Malavikagnimitra

  • Raghuvamsha

  • Kumarasambhava

  • Meghadutaa

• 'Abhijnanashakuntalam' depicts the love, separation & reunion of King Dushyanta, Sakuntala & their son (Bharata).

Hence, the correct answer is - Kalidasa.

Additional Information

• Other than Kalidasa, the scholars (navratans) in the Ujjain court of Chadragupta II were:

  • Amarasimha – His work Amarakosha is a vocabulary of Sanskrit roots, homonyms and synonyms. It has three parts containing around ten thousand words and is also known as Trikanda.

  • Varahamihira – He composed Pancha Siddhantika, the five astronomical systems. His work Brihadsamhita is a great work in the Sanskrit language. It deals with a variety of subjects like astronomy, astrology, geography, architecture, weather, animals, marriage and omens.

  • Dhanvantri – He is considered to be the father of Ayurveda.

  • Ghatakarapara – An expert in sculpture and architecture.

  • Shanku – An architect who wrote the Shilpa Shastra.

  • Kahapanaka – An astrologer who wrote Jyotishya Shastra.

  • Vararuchi – Author of Prakrit Prakasha, the first grammar of the Prakrit language.

  • Vetala Bhatta – Author of Mantrashastra and was a magician.

The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Points

• Directive Principles of State Policy the Indian Constitution is also called by Dr B.R Ambedkar as a unique feature of the Constitution.
  • Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are mentioned in Part IV of the Indian constitution from Articles 36 to 51.
  • DPSPs are taken from the Constitution of Ireland.
  • Ambedkar described these principles as 'novel features' of the Constitution.
  • Directive Principles of State Policy aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life.
  • They also aim to establish social and economic democracy through a welfare state. 

Additional Information

• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called the Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32) the "Heart and Soul of the Constitution".
• In India, the Supreme Court under Article 32 is empowered to issue writs of different types to enforce the Fundamental Rights under Part III of the Indian Constitution.
• Thus, to make available Right to Constitutional Remedies to every citizen, provisions have been made in the Indian Constitution to issue writs.
• Thus, the Supreme Court under Article 32 and High Courts under Article 226 is empowered to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
• 5 Types of Writs
  • There are five types of writs in the Indian Constitution - Habeas Corpus, Certiorari, Quo-Warranto, Mandamus and Prohibition.
• Writ of Habeas Corpus -
  • This writ literally means 'you may have the body'.
  • This writ is issued to produce a person physically before the court who has been imprisoned or detained by the law and to set him free if there is no legal justification of his detention.
  • This writ can be issued against authorities of states or organisations or individuals.
• Writ of Certiorari -
  • This writ literally means 'to be certified'. This writ is issued by the higher court to the lower court for quashing the order already passed by the lower court or removing a suit from the lower court to the higher court for speedy disposal.
• Writ of Quo-Warranto -
  • This writ literally means 'by what warrants' or what is your authority.
  • It is a writ issued by the Supreme Court or High Court with a view to restraining a person or authority from holding a public office to which he is not entitled. The writ requires the concerned person or authority to explain to the Court by what authority he/she holds the office.
• Writ of Mandamus -
  • This writ literally means 'we command'. It is a judicial writ issued by the Supreme Court or a High Court as a command to an inferior court or tribunal or a person to perform a public or statutory duty.
• Writ of Prohibition -
  • This writ is popularly known as 'Stay Order'. This writ is issued by a higher court to a lower court to stop proceeding in a case on the ground of over-stepping of jurisdiction or absence of jurisdiction.
  • It is issued before the judgement or order is made in such cases.

The correct answer is Backstroke.

Key Points

• Backstroke
  • The stroke in swimming that does NOT start with a dive into the pool from outside is Backstroke.
  • One of the four swimming strokes used in competitive events governed by FINA is the backstroke or back crawl, which is the only one swum on the back.
  • The benefit of easy breathing comes at the expense of swimmers being unable to see where they are going when swimming in this manner.
  • In contrast to the other three competition swimming styles, it also has a different start. 
  • Backstroke is the second style swum in the individual medley, although it is the first style swum in the medley relay.

Additional Information

• Butterfly Stroke
  • The butterfly is a swimming stroke performed on the chest with the hips and both arms moving symmetrically. The butterfly kick, also referred to as the "dolphin kick," is also used.
  • While novices can swim competently in other strokes like the backstroke, front crawl, or breaststroke, the butterfly is a more challenging type that calls for both solid technique and strong muscles.
• Breaststroke
  • ​The swimming stroke known as "breaststroke" is one in which the torso does not rotate, and the swimmer is on their chest.
  • Because it can safely swim at slow rates and the swimmer's head is out of the water for a significant percentage of the swim, it is the most popular leisure technique.
• Freestyle 
  • The International Swimming Federation (FINA) has established the category of swimming competition known as "freestyle," where participants are restricted to a few modest restrictions on their swimming stroke.
  • The majority of swimming contests are freestyle races, which range in length from 50 metres (55 yards) to 1,500 metres (1,600 yards), or the mile. Since front crawl is the fastest surface swimming stroke, the word "freestyle stroke" is occasionally used as a synonym for "front crawl." Today, it is the stroke that is most frequently utilised in freestyle contests.

The correct answer is product method.

Key Points

•  Product Method:
  • Product or value added method is a way of computing the national income of a country.
  • This system is also known as output or inventory method. This method calculates national income by adding value to a product at every stage of its production.

Additional Information

• expenditure method
  • The expenditure method is a system for calculating gross domestic product (GDP) that combines consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
  • It is the most common way to estimate GDP. It says everything that the private sector, including consumers and private firms, and government spend within the borders of a particular country, must add up to the total value of all finished goods and services produced over a certain period of time. 
• consumption method
  • These consumption inventory methods offer a radically different method of accounting for a community's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Traditional inventories evaluate the emissions associated with a diverse set of activities within a geographic area.​
• Income Method:
  • In the income method, the national income is measured by adding up the pretax income generated by the individuals and companies in the economy.
  • It consists of income from wages, rent of buildings and land, interest on capital, profits, etc.

The correct chronological order of the given Sultanate rulers is: i, ii, iii & iv

Key Points

• Mubaraq Khilji:
  • ​Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah Khilji was the child of Ala-ud-din Khilji.
  • He escaped from the clutch of Malik Kafur, and turned into the third Sultan of Delhi.
  • He was the 3rd and the last ruler of Khilji Dynasty.
  • In 1320, he was killed by one of his reliable person Khusro Khan.
• Khusarau Shah:
  • ​Khusrau Shah was the Sultan of Delhi for around two months in 1320. 
  • After ascending the throne in 1316, Mubarak Shah gave him the title "Khusrau Khan", and greatly favoured him.
  • He killed  Mubarak Shah and grabbed the throne.
  • After Mubarak Shah’s passing, Khusro Khan adopted the title of Nasir-ud-din Khusro Khan.
• Muhammad Shah:
  • ​Muhammad Shah was the third ruler of Sayyid dynasty who succeeded Mubarak Shah in 1434 AD.
  • He was always busy acting against conspirators and gradually lost control over his nobles.
  • Muhammad Shah died in 1445 CE and was succeeded by his son Alam Shah.
• Alam Shah:

  • He was the weakest amongst all Sayyid princes and proved to be incompetent.

  • His wazir, Hamid Khan invited Bahlul Lodhi to take charge of the army.

  • Alam Shah realised that it would be difficult to continue as a ruler, so he retired to Badaun.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that the  correct chronological order of the given Sultanate rulers is:

i. Mubaraq Khilji

ii. Khusarau Shah

iii. Muhammad Shah

iv. Alam Shah

The Correct Answer is CP Radhakrishnan.

In News

• Jharkhand inaugurated centralised Akshaypatra Kitchen for midday meals.

Key Points

• Governor CP Radhakrishnan inaugurates the centralised Akshaypatra kitchen in Hazaribag, emphasizing its role in boosting school attendance.
• Radhakrishnan highlights the kitchen's potential to improve the health condition of students, recognizing the crucial link between nutrition and education.
• The kitchen is set to serve midday meals to one lakh students across approximately 800 schools.

The correct answer is Summer.

Key Points

• Loo:
  • Loo is a type of local wind that blows in some regions of India and Pakistan.
  • Harmful Wind
  • In the plains of northern India and Pakistan, sometimes a very hot and dry wind blows from the west in the months of May and June, usually in the afternoons.
  • It is known as its temperature invariably ranges between 45°C and 50°C. It may cause sunstroke to people.

Additional Information

• The movement of air from high-pressure to low-pressure areas is called wind.
• Winds are broadly classified into three types:
  • Permanent Winds
  • Seasonal Winds
  • Local Winds
• Local Winds are winds that blow only during a particular period of the day or year in a small area.
• Some of the local winds with the area of flow are:
  • Chinook- Rockies
  • Foehn- Alps
  • Loo- Gangetic plain, North India and Pakistan
  • Sirocco- Sahara
  • Mistral- Spain
  • Blizzard- Polar regions of Canada and the USA

The correct answer is Lonar Lake.

Key Points

Concept:

Lake:

• A lake is a body of water encircled by land developed in the hollow of the land.
• Lakes can arise naturally or through man-made.

Explanation:

Crater Lake:

• A body of water contained within a nearly circular, steep-sided volcanic crater or caldera.

Lonar lake:

• Lonar Lake is located in the Maharashtra district of Buldhana.
• During the Pleistocene Epoch, a meteorite impact formed Lonar lake.
• It's considered a crater lake.
• It is the world's third natural saltwater lake.

Thus, Lonar lake is an example of 'Crater Lake.

Additional Information

Nainital:

• Nainital Lake is a natural freshwater body in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• It has tectonic origins.

Tso Moriri:

• Tso Moriri, also known as Lake Moriri, is a lake in Ladakh's Changthang Plateau.
• It is the world's highest Ramsar site.

Asthamudi Lake:

• Ashtamudi Lake is located in the Kollam District of Kerala, India.
• The lake is also known as the "Gateway to Kerala's Backwaters."

The correct answer is Collenchyma.

Key Points

• The living simple tissue that provides support to the growing parts of a plant is collenchyma.
  • Collenchyma is a simple permanent tissue. 
  • The cells are thickened at the corners due to the deposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
  • It provides mechanical support to the young, growing parts of the plant.
  • Collenchyma is the chief supporting tissue in young dicotyledonous stems.
  • The tissue has the capacity to expand and gives tensile strength to the body

Additional Information

• ​Simple permanent tissue: 
  • These are also known as homogenous tissues. They are made up of a single cell type, usually with the same origin, structure, and function.
  • Simple permanent tissue is further classified into three types:  Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma.

• Sclerenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma consists of thick-walled dead cells.
  • It consists of fibres and Sclereids.
  • Sclereids are short and possess extremely thick lamellated lignified walls with long tubular simple pits.
• Parenchyma
  • Parenchyma is a type of simple permanent tissue, a major part of ground tissue in plants
• Fibres
  • Natural fibres: The fibres that are obtained from natural sources like plants & animals are called Natural fibres. Eg- Cotton, jute
  • Synthetic/Man-made fibers: The fibres that are made by man are called Synthetic or Man-made fibres. Eg- Nylon, Rayon, Terylene & Acrylic