The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Protein.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are macromolecules essential for various biological processes. Proteins play diverse roles in living organisms, serving as structural components, enzymes catalyzing biochemical reactions, signaling molecules, and carriers of molecules such as oxygen and nutrients. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into specific three-dimensional structures to create functional proteins. The sequence and arrangement of amino acids determine the unique structure and function of each protein in cells.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. C

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. Copper.

Wilson's disease is associated with the accumulation of copper in the body. This genetic disorder is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, which impair the body's ability to properly excrete copper into bile. As a result, copper accumulates in the liver, brain, and other vital organs, leading to hepatic and neurological symptoms. If left untreated, Wilson's disease can cause liver failure, psychiatric problems, and neurological damage. Treatment typically involves medications that enhance copper excretion and dietary adjustments to limit copper intake.

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. Iron.

Iron's absorption is significantly enhanced by the presence of vitamin C in the diet. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, promotes the conversion of dietary non-heme iron (found in plant sources) into its ferrous form, which is more readily absorbed by the intestinal lining. Additionally, vitamin C binds to iron, preventing it from forming insoluble compounds that the body cannot absorb. This synergistic effect increases overall iron uptake, helping to prevent iron deficiency anemia and supporting proper red blood cell function.

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. Cartilage heals quickly due to its vascularity.

Cartilage is actually avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels, which significantly slows its healing process. Nutrients and waste removal occur through diffusion, making repair and regeneration slower compared to vascularized tissues. Chondrocytes are indeed the primary cells in cartilage, and this tissue is known for its flexibility and resistance to compression, making it essential for structures like joints and intervertebral discs.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Amylase.

Amylase enzyme is found in all members of the animal kingdom except protozoa. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars and is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it initiates the chemical process of digestion. Protozoa, lacking amylase, are unable to digest starch and fats.

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. Cilia.

Small hair-like structures called cilia are found in the upper part of the respiratory tract. These microscopic projections line the surfaces of the airways, including the nasal passages and the trachea. Functioning as a protective mechanism, cilia help to trap and remove debris, dust, and pathogens from the respiratory system. Through coordinated beating motions, cilia sweep mucus and trapped particles towards the throat, where they can be expelled through coughing or swallowing, thus helping to maintain respiratory health.

The correct answer is Option 1 i.e. does not apply to other organisms besides green plants.

• Photosynthesis is the process whereby phototrophs harness light energy and convert it into chemical energy, essential for powering cellular functions.
• This energy is stored in sugars formed from water and carbon dioxide.
• Not limited to green plants, photosynthesis is also observed in various prokaryotes like cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, and green sulfur bacteria.
• Glucose, the end product of photosynthesis, serves as fuel for cellular activities, with oxygen released as a by-product.
• The process comprises two stages: light-dependent reactions, occurring in daylight, and light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle or dark reactions.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Lysosome.

• Lysosomes play a protective role in the cell by engulfing foreign bodies and aiding in cell renewal, earning them the nickname "suicide bags" of the cell.

• Mitochondria are often referred to as "the powerhouse of the cell" due to their role in producing ATP, the cell's energy currency.

• Ribosomes function as the protein synthesizers within the cell.

• The cytoplasm, a dense solution filling each cell and enclosed by the cell membrane, primarily consists of water, salts, and proteins.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. diffusion.

• Dialysis for people with defective kidneys involves the process of diffusion.
• During dialysis, waste products, excess salts, and fluids move from the patient's bloodstream across a semipermeable membrane into a dialysis solution or dialysate by the process of diffusion.
• This helps remove waste and maintain the proper balance of substances in the blood