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CTET 2025 English Test - 4
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CTET 2025 English Test - 4
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  • Question 1/10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

    Long before pipes and pumps crisscrossed Indian towns, the people of Bidar carved a river beneath their feet. This underground network—known locally as a karez—was cut into the city’s rust-red laterite and guided water from the countryside to royal courts, mosques, and public fountains. Invisible for most of its length, the karez worked by understanding the plateau’s gentle slope and the meeting point of porous laterite and harder rock below. “It is engineering that listens to the earth,” says Arif Hussain, a conservation architect who has spent years walking the line of skylights that mark the route of the tunnels.

    A karez begins with a mother well sunk into a reliable groundwater source. From there, a low-roofed tunnel travels toward the city with a careful fall that keeps water moving without turbulence. Along its course, workers opened a chain of vertical shafts. These served many purposes: they provided air, light, and exits for excavated soil; they offered access points for repairs; and they acted as rain inlets during heavy monsoon spells. With no pistons or turbines, gravity alone carried cool, clear water to a terminal cistern, where it rose quietly and spread into channels, tanks, and once upon a time, ornamental jets.

    Local historians credit the Bahmani court with initiating Bidar’s karez during the medieval era, drawing on Iranian expertise and adapting it to Deccan geology. The builders knew that laterite absorbs and slowly releases water, particularly where it rests on less porous stone. By intercepting this seepage at the right depth and nudging it toward the city’s heart, they could supply everyday life and spectacle. Ablution tanks brimmed at mosques; palace gardens flashed with rills; roadside watering points refreshed travelers and animals in the afternoon heat. “You still see the logic if you trace the old garden walls,” notes hydrogeologist Anita Reddy. “The tunnels surface near courtyards and then vanish again, like a thread dipping through cloth.”

    For a visitor, the karez reveals itself as a procession of circular shafts, each rim a collar of dressed stone. Children test their depth by dropping pebbles. Farmers remember how the shaft mouths gave them cooler air in summer, and older residents point out where the final cistern once fed public taps. In some places the tunnel ceiling has collapsed, opening trenches that briefly expose the craftsmanship within: neatly cut laterite blocks, a floor smoothed by centuries of flowing water, and occasional widening chambers where silt could settle before the clear stream moved on.

    Modernity has not been kind to the system. Paved roads have sealed some shafts; rubbish has choked others; new borewells tug the water table up and down. Yet a slow restoration is underway. Volunteers and municipal teams clean shaft by shaft, cap them safely, and reconnect segments that still run. “We start with airflow,” explains Mr. Hussain. “If a candle burns steady at one shaft and flickers at the next, we know where the tunnel breathes—and where it is blocked.” Using old maps and fresh surveys, they mark how the karez once linked suburban fields to core neighborhoods, then propose setbacks and gentle recharge ponds to keep it alive.

    Bidar’s subterranean work sits within a broader tapestry of Indian water wisdom. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, stepwells descend in geometric terraces to reach fluctuating groundwater; in the Deccan, tanks harnessed monsoon runoff behind earthen embankments; along ancient caravan routes, small domed kunds offered rain-fed reserves. The karez belongs to this family but chooses a different strategy: hiding from evaporation by traveling in shadow, and arriving at the surface only where people most need it.

    Today, engineers study the karez not just for heritage value but for clues to climate resilience. An underground conduit preserves water quality and temperature, reduces losses to heat and wind, and invites maintenance through its own series of skylights. More importantly, it reminds cities to match ambition to terrain. The builders of Bidar read their plateau as carefully as a chartered surveyor, aligning stone and slope so that a quiet trickle could become a public promise.

    ...view full instructions


    What is the local term for the underground water network in Bidar?

    Solutions

    The text specifically refers to the underground network as the correct choice karez.

  • Question 2/10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

    Long before pipes and pumps crisscrossed Indian towns, the people of Bidar carved a river beneath their feet. This underground network—known locally as a karez—was cut into the city’s rust-red laterite and guided water from the countryside to royal courts, mosques, and public fountains. Invisible for most of its length, the karez worked by understanding the plateau’s gentle slope and the meeting point of porous laterite and harder rock below. “It is engineering that listens to the earth,” says Arif Hussain, a conservation architect who has spent years walking the line of skylights that mark the route of the tunnels.

    A karez begins with a mother well sunk into a reliable groundwater source. From there, a low-roofed tunnel travels toward the city with a careful fall that keeps water moving without turbulence. Along its course, workers opened a chain of vertical shafts. These served many purposes: they provided air, light, and exits for excavated soil; they offered access points for repairs; and they acted as rain inlets during heavy monsoon spells. With no pistons or turbines, gravity alone carried cool, clear water to a terminal cistern, where it rose quietly and spread into channels, tanks, and once upon a time, ornamental jets.

    Local historians credit the Bahmani court with initiating Bidar’s karez during the medieval era, drawing on Iranian expertise and adapting it to Deccan geology. The builders knew that laterite absorbs and slowly releases water, particularly where it rests on less porous stone. By intercepting this seepage at the right depth and nudging it toward the city’s heart, they could supply everyday life and spectacle. Ablution tanks brimmed at mosques; palace gardens flashed with rills; roadside watering points refreshed travelers and animals in the afternoon heat. “You still see the logic if you trace the old garden walls,” notes hydrogeologist Anita Reddy. “The tunnels surface near courtyards and then vanish again, like a thread dipping through cloth.”

    For a visitor, the karez reveals itself as a procession of circular shafts, each rim a collar of dressed stone. Children test their depth by dropping pebbles. Farmers remember how the shaft mouths gave them cooler air in summer, and older residents point out where the final cistern once fed public taps. In some places the tunnel ceiling has collapsed, opening trenches that briefly expose the craftsmanship within: neatly cut laterite blocks, a floor smoothed by centuries of flowing water, and occasional widening chambers where silt could settle before the clear stream moved on.

    Modernity has not been kind to the system. Paved roads have sealed some shafts; rubbish has choked others; new borewells tug the water table up and down. Yet a slow restoration is underway. Volunteers and municipal teams clean shaft by shaft, cap them safely, and reconnect segments that still run. “We start with airflow,” explains Mr. Hussain. “If a candle burns steady at one shaft and flickers at the next, we know where the tunnel breathes—and where it is blocked.” Using old maps and fresh surveys, they mark how the karez once linked suburban fields to core neighborhoods, then propose setbacks and gentle recharge ponds to keep it alive.

    Bidar’s subterranean work sits within a broader tapestry of Indian water wisdom. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, stepwells descend in geometric terraces to reach fluctuating groundwater; in the Deccan, tanks harnessed monsoon runoff behind earthen embankments; along ancient caravan routes, small domed kunds offered rain-fed reserves. The karez belongs to this family but chooses a different strategy: hiding from evaporation by traveling in shadow, and arriving at the surface only where people most need it.

    Today, engineers study the karez not just for heritage value but for clues to climate resilience. An underground conduit preserves water quality and temperature, reduces losses to heat and wind, and invites maintenance through its own series of skylights. More importantly, it reminds cities to match ambition to terrain. The builders of Bidar read their plateau as carefully as a chartered surveyor, aligning stone and slope so that a quiet trickle could become a public promise.

    ...view full instructions


    What geological formations do the karez utilize to move water?

    Solutions

    The passage mentions that the karez guides water from porous laterite to harder rock.

  • Question 3/10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

    Long before pipes and pumps crisscrossed Indian towns, the people of Bidar carved a river beneath their feet. This underground network—known locally as a karez—was cut into the city’s rust-red laterite and guided water from the countryside to royal courts, mosques, and public fountains. Invisible for most of its length, the karez worked by understanding the plateau’s gentle slope and the meeting point of porous laterite and harder rock below. “It is engineering that listens to the earth,” says Arif Hussain, a conservation architect who has spent years walking the line of skylights that mark the route of the tunnels.

    A karez begins with a mother well sunk into a reliable groundwater source. From there, a low-roofed tunnel travels toward the city with a careful fall that keeps water moving without turbulence. Along its course, workers opened a chain of vertical shafts. These served many purposes: they provided air, light, and exits for excavated soil; they offered access points for repairs; and they acted as rain inlets during heavy monsoon spells. With no pistons or turbines, gravity alone carried cool, clear water to a terminal cistern, where it rose quietly and spread into channels, tanks, and once upon a time, ornamental jets.

    Local historians credit the Bahmani court with initiating Bidar’s karez during the medieval era, drawing on Iranian expertise and adapting it to Deccan geology. The builders knew that laterite absorbs and slowly releases water, particularly where it rests on less porous stone. By intercepting this seepage at the right depth and nudging it toward the city’s heart, they could supply everyday life and spectacle. Ablution tanks brimmed at mosques; palace gardens flashed with rills; roadside watering points refreshed travelers and animals in the afternoon heat. “You still see the logic if you trace the old garden walls,” notes hydrogeologist Anita Reddy. “The tunnels surface near courtyards and then vanish again, like a thread dipping through cloth.”

    For a visitor, the karez reveals itself as a procession of circular shafts, each rim a collar of dressed stone. Children test their depth by dropping pebbles. Farmers remember how the shaft mouths gave them cooler air in summer, and older residents point out where the final cistern once fed public taps. In some places the tunnel ceiling has collapsed, opening trenches that briefly expose the craftsmanship within: neatly cut laterite blocks, a floor smoothed by centuries of flowing water, and occasional widening chambers where silt could settle before the clear stream moved on.

    Modernity has not been kind to the system. Paved roads have sealed some shafts; rubbish has choked others; new borewells tug the water table up and down. Yet a slow restoration is underway. Volunteers and municipal teams clean shaft by shaft, cap them safely, and reconnect segments that still run. “We start with airflow,” explains Mr. Hussain. “If a candle burns steady at one shaft and flickers at the next, we know where the tunnel breathes—and where it is blocked.” Using old maps and fresh surveys, they mark how the karez once linked suburban fields to core neighborhoods, then propose setbacks and gentle recharge ponds to keep it alive.

    Bidar’s subterranean work sits within a broader tapestry of Indian water wisdom. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, stepwells descend in geometric terraces to reach fluctuating groundwater; in the Deccan, tanks harnessed monsoon runoff behind earthen embankments; along ancient caravan routes, small domed kunds offered rain-fed reserves. The karez belongs to this family but chooses a different strategy: hiding from evaporation by traveling in shadow, and arriving at the surface only where people most need it.

    Today, engineers study the karez not just for heritage value but for clues to climate resilience. An underground conduit preserves water quality and temperature, reduces losses to heat and wind, and invites maintenance through its own series of skylights. More importantly, it reminds cities to match ambition to terrain. The builders of Bidar read their plateau as carefully as a chartered surveyor, aligning stone and slope so that a quiet trickle could become a public promise.

    ...view full instructions


    Who is credited with initiating the construction of Bidar’s karez?

    Solutions

    The text states that local historians credit the Bahmani court with initiating the karez.

  • Question 4/10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

    Long before pipes and pumps crisscrossed Indian towns, the people of Bidar carved a river beneath their feet. This underground network—known locally as a karez—was cut into the city’s rust-red laterite and guided water from the countryside to royal courts, mosques, and public fountains. Invisible for most of its length, the karez worked by understanding the plateau’s gentle slope and the meeting point of porous laterite and harder rock below. “It is engineering that listens to the earth,” says Arif Hussain, a conservation architect who has spent years walking the line of skylights that mark the route of the tunnels.

    A karez begins with a mother well sunk into a reliable groundwater source. From there, a low-roofed tunnel travels toward the city with a careful fall that keeps water moving without turbulence. Along its course, workers opened a chain of vertical shafts. These served many purposes: they provided air, light, and exits for excavated soil; they offered access points for repairs; and they acted as rain inlets during heavy monsoon spells. With no pistons or turbines, gravity alone carried cool, clear water to a terminal cistern, where it rose quietly and spread into channels, tanks, and once upon a time, ornamental jets.

    Local historians credit the Bahmani court with initiating Bidar’s karez during the medieval era, drawing on Iranian expertise and adapting it to Deccan geology. The builders knew that laterite absorbs and slowly releases water, particularly where it rests on less porous stone. By intercepting this seepage at the right depth and nudging it toward the city’s heart, they could supply everyday life and spectacle. Ablution tanks brimmed at mosques; palace gardens flashed with rills; roadside watering points refreshed travelers and animals in the afternoon heat. “You still see the logic if you trace the old garden walls,” notes hydrogeologist Anita Reddy. “The tunnels surface near courtyards and then vanish again, like a thread dipping through cloth.”

    For a visitor, the karez reveals itself as a procession of circular shafts, each rim a collar of dressed stone. Children test their depth by dropping pebbles. Farmers remember how the shaft mouths gave them cooler air in summer, and older residents point out where the final cistern once fed public taps. In some places the tunnel ceiling has collapsed, opening trenches that briefly expose the craftsmanship within: neatly cut laterite blocks, a floor smoothed by centuries of flowing water, and occasional widening chambers where silt could settle before the clear stream moved on.

    Modernity has not been kind to the system. Paved roads have sealed some shafts; rubbish has choked others; new borewells tug the water table up and down. Yet a slow restoration is underway. Volunteers and municipal teams clean shaft by shaft, cap them safely, and reconnect segments that still run. “We start with airflow,” explains Mr. Hussain. “If a candle burns steady at one shaft and flickers at the next, we know where the tunnel breathes—and where it is blocked.” Using old maps and fresh surveys, they mark how the karez once linked suburban fields to core neighborhoods, then propose setbacks and gentle recharge ponds to keep it alive.

    Bidar’s subterranean work sits within a broader tapestry of Indian water wisdom. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, stepwells descend in geometric terraces to reach fluctuating groundwater; in the Deccan, tanks harnessed monsoon runoff behind earthen embankments; along ancient caravan routes, small domed kunds offered rain-fed reserves. The karez belongs to this family but chooses a different strategy: hiding from evaporation by traveling in shadow, and arriving at the surface only where people most need it.

    Today, engineers study the karez not just for heritage value but for clues to climate resilience. An underground conduit preserves water quality and temperature, reduces losses to heat and wind, and invites maintenance through its own series of skylights. More importantly, it reminds cities to match ambition to terrain. The builders of Bidar read their plateau as carefully as a chartered surveyor, aligning stone and slope so that a quiet trickle could become a public promise.

    ...view full instructions


    What was one of the purposes of the vertical shafts in the karez?

    Solutions

    The passage explains that the shafts acted as rain inlets during heavy monsoon spells.

  • Question 5/10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

    Long before pipes and pumps crisscrossed Indian towns, the people of Bidar carved a river beneath their feet. This underground network—known locally as a karez—was cut into the city’s rust-red laterite and guided water from the countryside to royal courts, mosques, and public fountains. Invisible for most of its length, the karez worked by understanding the plateau’s gentle slope and the meeting point of porous laterite and harder rock below. “It is engineering that listens to the earth,” says Arif Hussain, a conservation architect who has spent years walking the line of skylights that mark the route of the tunnels.

    A karez begins with a mother well sunk into a reliable groundwater source. From there, a low-roofed tunnel travels toward the city with a careful fall that keeps water moving without turbulence. Along its course, workers opened a chain of vertical shafts. These served many purposes: they provided air, light, and exits for excavated soil; they offered access points for repairs; and they acted as rain inlets during heavy monsoon spells. With no pistons or turbines, gravity alone carried cool, clear water to a terminal cistern, where it rose quietly and spread into channels, tanks, and once upon a time, ornamental jets.

    Local historians credit the Bahmani court with initiating Bidar’s karez during the medieval era, drawing on Iranian expertise and adapting it to Deccan geology. The builders knew that laterite absorbs and slowly releases water, particularly where it rests on less porous stone. By intercepting this seepage at the right depth and nudging it toward the city’s heart, they could supply everyday life and spectacle. Ablution tanks brimmed at mosques; palace gardens flashed with rills; roadside watering points refreshed travelers and animals in the afternoon heat. “You still see the logic if you trace the old garden walls,” notes hydrogeologist Anita Reddy. “The tunnels surface near courtyards and then vanish again, like a thread dipping through cloth.”

    For a visitor, the karez reveals itself as a procession of circular shafts, each rim a collar of dressed stone. Children test their depth by dropping pebbles. Farmers remember how the shaft mouths gave them cooler air in summer, and older residents point out where the final cistern once fed public taps. In some places the tunnel ceiling has collapsed, opening trenches that briefly expose the craftsmanship within: neatly cut laterite blocks, a floor smoothed by centuries of flowing water, and occasional widening chambers where silt could settle before the clear stream moved on.

    Modernity has not been kind to the system. Paved roads have sealed some shafts; rubbish has choked others; new borewells tug the water table up and down. Yet a slow restoration is underway. Volunteers and municipal teams clean shaft by shaft, cap them safely, and reconnect segments that still run. “We start with airflow,” explains Mr. Hussain. “If a candle burns steady at one shaft and flickers at the next, we know where the tunnel breathes—and where it is blocked.” Using old maps and fresh surveys, they mark how the karez once linked suburban fields to core neighborhoods, then propose setbacks and gentle recharge ponds to keep it alive.

    Bidar’s subterranean work sits within a broader tapestry of Indian water wisdom. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, stepwells descend in geometric terraces to reach fluctuating groundwater; in the Deccan, tanks harnessed monsoon runoff behind earthen embankments; along ancient caravan routes, small domed kunds offered rain-fed reserves. The karez belongs to this family but chooses a different strategy: hiding from evaporation by traveling in shadow, and arriving at the surface only where people most need it.

    Today, engineers study the karez not just for heritage value but for clues to climate resilience. An underground conduit preserves water quality and temperature, reduces losses to heat and wind, and invites maintenance through its own series of skylights. More importantly, it reminds cities to match ambition to terrain. The builders of Bidar read their plateau as carefully as a chartered surveyor, aligning stone and slope so that a quiet trickle could become a public promise.

    ...view full instructions


    What has contributed to the degradation of the karez system?

    Solutions

    The text mentions that paved roads have sealed some shafts and rubbish has choked others, leading to degradation.

  • Question 6/10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

    Long before pipes and pumps crisscrossed Indian towns, the people of Bidar carved a river beneath their feet. This underground network—known locally as a karez—was cut into the city’s rust-red laterite and guided water from the countryside to royal courts, mosques, and public fountains. Invisible for most of its length, the karez worked by understanding the plateau’s gentle slope and the meeting point of porous laterite and harder rock below. “It is engineering that listens to the earth,” says Arif Hussain, a conservation architect who has spent years walking the line of skylights that mark the route of the tunnels.

    A karez begins with a mother well sunk into a reliable groundwater source. From there, a low-roofed tunnel travels toward the city with a careful fall that keeps water moving without turbulence. Along its course, workers opened a chain of vertical shafts. These served many purposes: they provided air, light, and exits for excavated soil; they offered access points for repairs; and they acted as rain inlets during heavy monsoon spells. With no pistons or turbines, gravity alone carried cool, clear water to a terminal cistern, where it rose quietly and spread into channels, tanks, and once upon a time, ornamental jets.

    Local historians credit the Bahmani court with initiating Bidar’s karez during the medieval era, drawing on Iranian expertise and adapting it to Deccan geology. The builders knew that laterite absorbs and slowly releases water, particularly where it rests on less porous stone. By intercepting this seepage at the right depth and nudging it toward the city’s heart, they could supply everyday life and spectacle. Ablution tanks brimmed at mosques; palace gardens flashed with rills; roadside watering points refreshed travelers and animals in the afternoon heat. “You still see the logic if you trace the old garden walls,” notes hydrogeologist Anita Reddy. “The tunnels surface near courtyards and then vanish again, like a thread dipping through cloth.”

    For a visitor, the karez reveals itself as a procession of circular shafts, each rim a collar of dressed stone. Children test their depth by dropping pebbles. Farmers remember how the shaft mouths gave them cooler air in summer, and older residents point out where the final cistern once fed public taps. In some places the tunnel ceiling has collapsed, opening trenches that briefly expose the craftsmanship within: neatly cut laterite blocks, a floor smoothed by centuries of flowing water, and occasional widening chambers where silt could settle before the clear stream moved on.

    Modernity has not been kind to the system. Paved roads have sealed some shafts; rubbish has choked others; new borewells tug the water table up and down. Yet a slow restoration is underway. Volunteers and municipal teams clean shaft by shaft, cap them safely, and reconnect segments that still run. “We start with airflow,” explains Mr. Hussain. “If a candle burns steady at one shaft and flickers at the next, we know where the tunnel breathes—and where it is blocked.” Using old maps and fresh surveys, they mark how the karez once linked suburban fields to core neighborhoods, then propose setbacks and gentle recharge ponds to keep it alive.

    Bidar’s subterranean work sits within a broader tapestry of Indian water wisdom. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, stepwells descend in geometric terraces to reach fluctuating groundwater; in the Deccan, tanks harnessed monsoon runoff behind earthen embankments; along ancient caravan routes, small domed kunds offered rain-fed reserves. The karez belongs to this family but chooses a different strategy: hiding from evaporation by traveling in shadow, and arriving at the surface only where people most need it.

    Today, engineers study the karez not just for heritage value but for clues to climate resilience. An underground conduit preserves water quality and temperature, reduces losses to heat and wind, and invites maintenance through its own series of skylights. More importantly, it reminds cities to match ambition to terrain. The builders of Bidar read their plateau as carefully as a chartered surveyor, aligning stone and slope so that a quiet trickle could become a public promise.

    ...view full instructions


    What method do modern engineers use to assess the condition of the karez?

    Solutions

    Mr. Hussain explains that they observe candle flickering to determine airflow and blockages in the karez.

  • Question 7/10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

    Long before pipes and pumps crisscrossed Indian towns, the people of Bidar carved a river beneath their feet. This underground network—known locally as a karez—was cut into the city’s rust-red laterite and guided water from the countryside to royal courts, mosques, and public fountains. Invisible for most of its length, the karez worked by understanding the plateau’s gentle slope and the meeting point of porous laterite and harder rock below. “It is engineering that listens to the earth,” says Arif Hussain, a conservation architect who has spent years walking the line of skylights that mark the route of the tunnels.

    A karez begins with a mother well sunk into a reliable groundwater source. From there, a low-roofed tunnel travels toward the city with a careful fall that keeps water moving without turbulence. Along its course, workers opened a chain of vertical shafts. These served many purposes: they provided air, light, and exits for excavated soil; they offered access points for repairs; and they acted as rain inlets during heavy monsoon spells. With no pistons or turbines, gravity alone carried cool, clear water to a terminal cistern, where it rose quietly and spread into channels, tanks, and once upon a time, ornamental jets.

    Local historians credit the Bahmani court with initiating Bidar’s karez during the medieval era, drawing on Iranian expertise and adapting it to Deccan geology. The builders knew that laterite absorbs and slowly releases water, particularly where it rests on less porous stone. By intercepting this seepage at the right depth and nudging it toward the city’s heart, they could supply everyday life and spectacle. Ablution tanks brimmed at mosques; palace gardens flashed with rills; roadside watering points refreshed travelers and animals in the afternoon heat. “You still see the logic if you trace the old garden walls,” notes hydrogeologist Anita Reddy. “The tunnels surface near courtyards and then vanish again, like a thread dipping through cloth.”

    For a visitor, the karez reveals itself as a procession of circular shafts, each rim a collar of dressed stone. Children test their depth by dropping pebbles. Farmers remember how the shaft mouths gave them cooler air in summer, and older residents point out where the final cistern once fed public taps. In some places the tunnel ceiling has collapsed, opening trenches that briefly expose the craftsmanship within: neatly cut laterite blocks, a floor smoothed by centuries of flowing water, and occasional widening chambers where silt could settle before the clear stream moved on.

    Modernity has not been kind to the system. Paved roads have sealed some shafts; rubbish has choked others; new borewells tug the water table up and down. Yet a slow restoration is underway. Volunteers and municipal teams clean shaft by shaft, cap them safely, and reconnect segments that still run. “We start with airflow,” explains Mr. Hussain. “If a candle burns steady at one shaft and flickers at the next, we know where the tunnel breathes—and where it is blocked.” Using old maps and fresh surveys, they mark how the karez once linked suburban fields to core neighborhoods, then propose setbacks and gentle recharge ponds to keep it alive.

    Bidar’s subterranean work sits within a broader tapestry of Indian water wisdom. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, stepwells descend in geometric terraces to reach fluctuating groundwater; in the Deccan, tanks harnessed monsoon runoff behind earthen embankments; along ancient caravan routes, small domed kunds offered rain-fed reserves. The karez belongs to this family but chooses a different strategy: hiding from evaporation by traveling in shadow, and arriving at the surface only where people most need it.

    Today, engineers study the karez not just for heritage value but for clues to climate resilience. An underground conduit preserves water quality and temperature, reduces losses to heat and wind, and invites maintenance through its own series of skylights. More importantly, it reminds cities to match ambition to terrain. The builders of Bidar read their plateau as carefully as a chartered surveyor, aligning stone and slope so that a quiet trickle could become a public promise.

    ...view full instructions


    What broader theme does the karez system belong to in India?

    Solutions

    The text mentions the karez within the correct choice broader tapestry of Indian water wisdom and management systems.

  • Question 8/10
    1 / -0

    Which statement about using the mother tongue as a resource in the classroom is incorrect?

    Solutions

    Using the mother tongue is a strategic tool to support, not replace, the learning of a second language. Its purpose is to facilitate understanding and build confidence, which ultimately helps in the acquisition of the target language.

  • Question 9/10
    1 / -0

    Which approach to teaching writing emphasizes stages like brainstorming, drafting, revising, and editing?

    Solutions

    The process approach to writing treats writing not as a single act but as a recursive process involving several stages. The focus is on the development of writing skills through activities like planning, drafting, seeking feedback, revising, and editing, rather than just on the final written product.

  • Question 10/10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

    Nero the peacock loved to march along the garden path, fanning his bright tail and laughing at the plain birds. "Make way for my colors!" he would shout. The sparrows kept silent, and the myna looked away.

    One afternoon, a sudden storm swept across the garden. Nero dashed into a hedge to hide, but thorns and a creeping vine wrapped around his long feathers. When the rain stopped, he tried to shake free. He pulled and pecked, but the vine only tightened. His tail felt heavy, and his pride felt heavier.

    "Help me!" cried Nero. He called to the pigeons. They fluttered to a distant roof. He called to the myna. It hopped to another branch. No one wanted to come close to the bird who had mocked them.

    A small weaverbird landed nearby, carrying a thin blade of grass. "If I help, will you stop pulling threads from our nests for your showy tail?" she asked. "And will you carry a few seeds each morning to the bare patch by the banyan so we can grow shade for all?"

    Nero stared at the tight vine. "I agree," he muttered.

    The weaverbird whistled, and tiny ants marched from the bark. "Chew the soft parts," she told them. A dragonfly hovered at the pond and brought drops of sticky sap. "Wet the knots," said the weaverbird. A crab shuffled from the mud and clipped the lowest loops with his firm claws. The vine loosened, strand by strand.

    A gust of wind pressed Nero into the hedge. "Hold still," the weaverbird ordered. She knotted her grass into a little sling and slipped it under the heaviest feathers. With the ants chewing, the sap soaking, and the crab snipping, the last strand finally snapped free.

    Nero trembled with relief. For a moment, he thought of chasing the weaverbird to snatch her bright grass for himself. But the crab lifted his claws, the ants lined up like guards, and the weaverbird settled safely among thorns. Nero lowered his head. "Thank you," he said. "I will keep my promise."

    From that day, Nero carried seeds at dawn and left the nests alone. His tail still shone, but his voice grew gentle. The garden learned that a quiet skill can untie what loud feathers cannot.

    ...view full instructions


    What did Nero, the peacock, love to do in the garden?

    Solutions

    Nero loved to march along the garden path and show off his bright colors.

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