The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon.

Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon (1803), signed between the British East India Company and Daulat Rao Scindia of the Maratha Confederacy after the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Under this treaty, Scindia ceded territories including Delhi, Agra, and parts of Haryana to the British, marking a significant expansion of British influence in northern India.

Other options:

1. Scindia Haryana Treaty – Incorrect; no such treaty exists in historical records.

2. Bhiwani Treaty – Incorrect; Bhiwani was a notable town in Haryana but was not part of any major treaty.

This treaty weakened Maratha power and consolidated British control over key regions, including present-day Haryana.

The correct option is option 1 i.e. 1600 AD.

The East India Company came to India in 1600 AD. On December 31, 1600, Queen Elizabeth I of England granted a royal charter to the company, giving it monopoly rights to trade with the East Indies.

The company’s first voyage to India began in 1601, and its ships arrived at the port of Surat on the western coast of India in 1608, where they began establishing trade relations with the Mughal Empire. This marked the beginning of British economic and political influence in India.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Three.

In India, the Palaeolithic Age is generally divided into three stages based on tool technology and climatic conditions:

1. Lower Palaeolithic (c. 2.5 million – 100,000 BCE)

• Characterised by hand axes, cleavers, and choppers.
• Associated with Homo erectus.
• Important sites: Soan Valley (Pakistan), Didwana (Rajasthan), Narmada Valley (Madhya Pradesh), and Attirampakkam (Tamil Nadu).       

2. Middle Palaeolithic (c. 100,000 – 40,000 BCE)

• Characterised by flake tools and scrapers.
• Associated with Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens.
• Important sites: Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh), Belan Valley (Uttar Pradesh), and Nevasa (Maharashtra).

3. Upper Palaeolithic (c. 40,000 – 10,000 BCE)

• Characterised by blades, burins, and bone tools.
• Associated with modern Homo sapiens.
• Important sites: Kurnool Caves (Andhra Pradesh), Pune (Maharashtra), and Bagor (Rajasthan).

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Act of 1947.

The Indian Independence Act of 1947, passed by the British Parliament, declared that British rule in India would end by June 30, 1948, paving the way for the partition of British India and the establishment of the independent dominions of India and Pakistan. 

• Announcement by Clement Attlee: On February 20, 1947, the British Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, announced that the British government would grant full self-government to British India by June 30, 1948.
• Mountbatten Plan: Lord Mountbatten, the new viceroy of India, proposed a plan for the partition of India, which was accepted by both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.
• Indian Independence Act: The Indian Independence Act 1947, passed by the British Parliament on July 5, 1947, and received Royal Assent on July 18, 1947, formalized the plan for the partition of India.
• Partition and Independence: The Act divided British India into two independent dominions: India and Pakistan, which came into being on August 15, 1947.
• End of British Rule:​​​​​​​ The Act effectively ended British suzerainty over the princely states, allowing them to choose to join either India or Pakistan, or remain independent.
• Transfer of Power:​​​​​​​ The Act also transferred legislative authority to the Constituent Assemblies of India and Pakistan, allowing them to frame their own constitutions.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Dead Sea.

The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest lakes in the world, with a salinity of around 34%—nearly 10 times saltier than the ocean. Its extreme saltiness prevents most aquatic life, earning it the name "Dead" Sea. The high mineral concentration also allows swimmers to float effortlessly.

Other options:

1. Caspian Sea – The world’s largest inland water body, but its salinity is only about 1.2%, much lower than the Dead Sea.

2. Aral Sea – Once a large lake, it has shrunk drastically due to water diversion. Its salinity increased but remains lower than the Dead Sea.

3. Red Sea – A seawater inlet with ~4% salinity, higher than oceans but far less than hypersaline lakes like the Dead Sea.

The correct answer is Option 1 i.e  Odisha.

Simlipal National Park is located in Odisha. It is a renowned biodiversity hotspot, part of the Mayurbhanj district, and is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The park is famous for its tigers, elephants, and diverse flora, including medicinal plants.

Other options:

1. Madhya Pradesh – Known for parks like Kanha and Bandhavgarh, but not Simlipal.

2. Tamil Nadu – Home to Mudumalai and Anamalai Tiger Reserves, not Simlipal.

3. Karnataka – Famous for Bandipur and Nagarhole, not Simlipal.

Thus,  Odisha, as Simlipal is uniquely situated there, contributing significantly to India’s wildlife conservation efforts.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. Ecuador.

Cotopaxi is one of the world's highest active volcanoes, standing at 5,897 meters (19,347 feet), and is located in the Andes Mountains of Ecuador. It is a prominent feature of Ecuador's Cotopaxi National Park and is known for its nearly symmetrical cone and snow-capped peak.

Other options:

1. India – Home to the Himalayas, including peaks like Mount Everest (shared with Nepal) and Kanchenjunga, but not Cotopaxi.

2. France – Known for the Alps (e.g., Mont Blanc), but Cotopaxi is not in Europe.

3. Indonesia – Has many volcanoes, such as Krakatoa and Mount Rinjani, but Cotopaxi is in South America, not Asia.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Mangrove Forests.

In India, palm, coconut, keora, and agar are the common trees found in Mangrove Forests.  These unique forests thrive in the intertidal regions along the coasts, influenced by tides and accumulating mud and silt.  The deltas of major rivers like the Ganga, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari, and Kaveri are covered by this vegetation. These trees are specially adapted to the saline and marshy conditions of these coastal environments.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. Anna Chandy.

The first female judge of a High Court in India was Justice Anna Chandy. She was appointed as a judge of the Kerala High Court in 1959, making her the first woman in India to hold such a position. Known for her pioneering contributions to the judiciary, Justice Chandy had earlier become one of the first female judges in India when she was appointed as a district court judge in 1937. Her legacy symbolizes progress in women's representation in Indian judiciary.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. Article 166.

Article 166 states that all executive actions of a State Government shall be expressed in the name of the Governor. It also outlines how orders and instruments made in the Governor’s name shall be authenticated. This article ensures legal validity and uniformity in state administration.

Article 163 – Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise Governor

• This article states that the Governor acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers (headed by the Chief Minister), except in cases where the Constitution requires the Governor to act independently.
• It defines the discretionary powers of the Governor in certain situations.

Article 164 – Other Provisions Related to Ministers

• Deals with the appointment of the Chief Minister and other Ministers by the Governor.
• Ministers hold office during the Governor’s pleasure.
• It mandates a Minister in charge of Tribal Welfare in states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha.

Article 165 – Advocate General for the State

• Provides for the appointment of the Advocate General, the highest law officer of a state, who advises the government on legal matters.
• The Advocate General is appointed by the Governor and must be qualified to be a High Court judge.

Each of these articles contributes to the functioning of the state government under India's federal system.