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Directions: Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Pay careful attention.
Rationalism has been defined as the mental attitude which unreservedly accepts the supremacy of reason and aims at establishing a system of philosophy and ethics verifiable by experience and independent of all arbitrary assumptions or authority. This definition of rationalism was framed at the inauguration of the Rationalist Press Association (RPA) in London in the year 1899.
This paragraph best supports the statement that
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Statement ‘1’ is ruled out as the paragraph mentions that ‘ethics’ and ‘philosophy’ are part of the same system. We do not consider ‘2’ as the passage does not talk about truth specifically. ‘4’ talks about mental attitude only and can’t be directly related to the passage. ‘5’ assumes something that can’t be established given the current information. The third choice is the only one which can be undoubtedly backed by the passage.
Which of the following words is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word unreservedly as used in the paragraph?
‘Reserved’ means slow to reveal emotion or opinions or one who restrains himself from doing so. The word ‘unreservedly’ is the adverbial form of the opposite of ‘reserved’. Considering this meaning our best choice is ‘fully’ which is opposite to ‘reserved’ and therefore same as ‘unreservedly’.
Directions: Directions: Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Pay careful attention.
In today’s world where teachers have a busy schedule, it is noticed that only a few teachers have time for the student’s learning experiences. One thing which is lacking in almost all classrooms is teachers motivating students to do better. What happens is that teachers would like to give attention to the students who have high intelligence and who are academically good. A larger portion of the student population is neglected. Teachers blame them for not trying to do their best.
The author would like the teacher to
The passage is an author’s take on teachers’ contribution towards the learning experience of their students. He believes that they give attention only to the intelligent students while the others are neglected and are blamed for not trying harder. Considering this statement ‘4’ best reflects what the author would like the teachers to do, in the current scenario.
According to the author, why are teachers not in a position to perform their expected role?
The passage does not provide any reason for the teacher’s inability to perform their expected role. We can’t ascertain the reason with the information provided in the passage. So ‘5’ is our best choice.
Direction: The following question contains a small paragraph followed by a question on it. Read the paragraph carefully and answer the question given below it.
The function of business is to increase the wealth of the country and the value and happiness of life. It does this by supplying for the material needs of men and women. When the nation’s business is successfully carried on, it renders public service of the highest value.
The paragraph best supports the statement that
The paragraph talks about the function of business and how it is carried out in a country. Statement ‘1’ is ruled out as the rendering of service of the highest value is the result of nation’s business being carried on successfully and not the other way round. ‘2’, ‘3’ and ‘5’ are independent of what’s given in the passage; we can’t assume that these statements are supported by the passage. On the other hand the second sentence of the passage clearly supports ‘4’.
Directions: Read each paragraph carefully and answer the following question(s) given below them. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some questions.
Due to the development of individualism and permissiveness, social norms have become slack and parents and teachers are unable to play their traditional role of shaping the character of their children and people. The growing complexity of society due to technological development and the slackness of social norms as a result of the growth of individualism and permissiveness are the two cause of the moral crisis of our time.
According to the author, which of the following is one of the outcomes of the present crisis of our time?
The second part of the first sentence tells us about the outcomes of ‘individualism’ and ‘permissiveness’ which is the inability of parents and teachers to play their traditional role of shaping the character of their children and people. This idea is reflected in the first option.
Which of the following words is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word slackness as used in the paragraph?
‘Slackness’ means looseness or the quality of not being tight. ‘Rigidity’ means the quality of not being inflexible and able to change or adapt. ‘Vigorous’ means strong, healthy, and full of energy. ‘Sluggishness’ means the quality of being slow in movement. Considering these meanings the word ‘Rigidity’ seems most appropriate.
Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the following question(s) given below them. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some questions.
Marx, the founder of communism, had predicted the failure and eventual overthrow of capitalism because of what he regarded as its inherent contradiction. He visualized that capitalism would maintain the wages oflabour at a low subsistence level, while progressively increasing its productivity by the employment of technologically advanced means of production. During the last many decades the real wages of workers in advanced capitalist countries have gradually and progressively increased. The prediction of Marx has not been borne out by history.
Which of the following supports the statement “the prediction … borne out by history”?
During the last many decades the real wages of workers in advanced capitalist countries have gradually increased.
DIRECTIONS: Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below should replace the phrase given bold in the following sentence to make the sentence meaningful and grammatically correct. If the sentence is correct as it is and 'No correction is required', mark (5) as the answer.
Unless the government monitored the loan the waiver scheme well, it is likely to be a success.
The main objective of hiring this consultant is in assessing that this data can be computerised.
The designs finally ready and we shall submit them for approval tomorrow, well before the specified deadline.
Most irrigation projects have delayed due to lack of adequate government funding.
Many Indian companies import components from China as they are cheap compared to those manufactured locally.
Read each sentence to find out errors in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter denoting that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is option (5). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
A majority of banks (1)/ today uses technology (2)/ to reach out to those (3)/living in rural areas. (4)No error (5)
The sentence is correct as it is. The word ‘majority’ is a collective noun and can be used in both the singular and the plural sense. You can use it in the singular sense when the majority itself is important to the context. E.g. The majority is responsible for voting him into power. But when majority is used to only describe a quantity, and is not important to the context, it will be used in the plural sense. E.g. A majority of people are uneducated. Usually, when majority is followed by 'of', we use it as plural. Otherwise, we use it as singular. Here, therefore, the error is in part 2. The verb must be plural i.e. 'use'.
Out of the four given choices, choose the one that is the best substitute for the sentence or expression given below.
A ruling body or class of rich men
An aristocracy is defined as a rule by a privileged class, usually by a ruling family.
A plutocracy is defined as a rule by the wealthy and powerful. It is similar to an aristocracy except it doesn't have to do with family or 'royal blood'. It is rather connected to wealth and fame.
Oligarchy is similar to plutocracy. It is defined as a rule by a small body of powerful people. Very often these people are wealthy but this is not a requirement.
A meritocracy is a philosophy where the ruling class is decided on the basis of merit alone.
Democracy is the form of government where every citizen has a say in the government.
Clearly, the required answer is ‘plutocracy’.
In the following sentence there are two blank spaces. Below the sentence there are five pairs of words denoted by letters (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). Find out which pair of words can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence in the same sequence to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningfully complete.
Their minds were _____ in the thought of the _____ conflict.
From the given options, options 2, 3 and 4 cannot be the right answers taking in account the meaning of the words. The only options that can be considered are 1 and 5.
Let us go through the meaning of these words:
Engrossed: Giving all your attention to
Approaching: Coming nearer and nearer
Absolved: Declared, forgiven
Imminent: Definitely going to happen
Preoccupied: Mind dominated with some issue
Adverse: Harmful or unfavourable.
When talking about the mind, the only two words that could be possible fits for the first blank are ‘engrossed’ and ‘preoccupied’. Since the blank is followed by ‘in’, the best word for the first blank would be ‘engrossed’. ‘Preoccupied’ is always followed by the preposition ‘with’ and not the preposition ‘in’. The second blank is followed by the word ‘conflict’. The word ‘adverse’ does not add meaning to the word ‘conflict’. So it is better to use ‘approaching’ for the second blank. It gives fuller meaning to the whole sentence. The mind can apprehensive when thinking about something bad it knows is coming. So the correct answer is ‘engrossed, approaching’.
Out of the four given choices, choose the best substitute for the sentence or expression given below in bold.
One who works for the welfare of mankind
A philanthropist is someone who donates to charitable causes and works for the welfare of mankind. A philanthropist is someone who engages in philanthropy; that is, someone who donates his or her time, money, and/or reputation to charitable causes. A communist is anyone who believes in the political and social system based on common ownership of property. An egalitarian holds the principle of equal rights for all. A democratic person is someone who supports a government of the people.
Though he is very (1)/ wealthy and powerful (2)/ he has any (3)/ concern for the poor. (4)No error (5)
‘Though’ is a contrastive conjunction. The sentence states that in spite of being rich and powerful, the person has ‘no’ concern for the poor. The correction is in the third part and ‘no’ should be used in place of ‘any’. ‘Any’ is used in a positive context.
Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below should replace the phrase given in bold in the following sentences to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, and ‘No correction is required’, mark (5) as the answer.
The stadium wherever the opening ceremony will be held next month, is equipped with the latest facilities.
We use ‘wherever’ when we do not know exactly where something will take place. But in this case, we know that the ceremony is going to be held at the stadium. Hence, we will use ‘where’ instead of ‘wherever’.
In the following sentence there are two blank spaces. Below, in each sentence there are five pairs of words. Find out which pair of words can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence in the same sequence to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningfully complete.
He ……… to the audience in a soft but confident tone all ……… had happened.
The second blank can only be filled by 'that'. It is incorrect to use "all what happened" or "all whatever happened". Moreover, ‘briefed’ is used for a project that is about to take place. ‘Showed’ and ‘demonstrated’ are not possible as he is explaining some event that has already taken place.
DIRECTIONS: Rearrange the following five sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the question given below them.
(A) For instance if we measure the room temperature continuously and plot its graph with time on X-axis and temperature on the Y-axis, we get a continuous waveform, which is an analog signal. Analog is always continuous. (B) The absence or presence of something can be used to plot a digital signal. (C) An analog signal is a continuously varying signal, similar to a sinusoidal waveform. (D) Any signal can be classified into one of the two types : analog and digital. (E) In contrast, a digital signal takes the form of pulses, where we have something or nothing.
Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence their rearrangement?
Choose the one that is the nearest in meaning to the word, from the four alternatives given.
Elucidate
'Elucidate' is to make something clear or to throw light on something. ‘To summarize’ is to just give a brief statement of the main points. ‘Expand’ is to increase its length or explain in a lengthy manner. ‘To clarify’ is to make a sentence less confusing. ‘To qualify’ means to match the required criteria for something. To ‘express’ means to show by means of speech, writing, facial/body expressions, or some art form, what is in one’s mind. Thus clearly, ‘clarify’ is closest in meaning to the word ‘elucidate’.
Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below should replace the phrases given in bold in the following sentences to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct? If the sentence is correct as it is and No correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.
Finding himself in financial difficulty, he came forward me for help and advice.
The phrasal verb, ‘came forward’ means to take initiative and is therefore inappropriately used here. He was in need of help. So the correct phrasal verb here would be ‘came to’ which means to approach.
The _____ of the _____ carried out in the Institute were published.
The correct option can be found out by first checking the appropriateness of one blank, then the other. The options with 'findings' and 'observations' for the second blank are incorrect as neither of them can be carried out in an institute. Similarly the option which when put in the blank would say, 'observations of the terms carried out' is incorrect as the second blank does not fit in. The option with 'drawbacks' and 'preparations' could have been correct, but it is not the most accurate as there is an option with 'results' and 'investigations' and 'results' of 'investigations' are much more likely to be published than 'drawbacks' of 'preparations'.
So, the correct option is 'results.... investigations'
Read the sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (5) i.e. ‘No error’. (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any.)
The revised government’s (1) /guidelines have reduced (2)/ the number of mergers (3)/ taking place among banks. (4) No error (5)
The correction should be ‘The government’s revised…’. The word ‘revised’ is not used to describe the government but to describe the guidelines. So the order in part 1 is incorrect.
Speculate
‘Speculate’ means to form a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence. 'Reflect' means to think deeply or carefully about. 'Know' means to be aware of through observation, inquiry, or information. 'Forecast' means to predict or estimate a future event or trend. 'Demonstrate' means to clearly show the existence or truth of by giving proof or evidence. 'Guess' means to estimate or conclude without sufficient information to be sure of being correct. Hence, 'guess' comes closest in meaning to the given word.
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