Akbar had a committee of scholars with cross lingual expertise. Some of them were Naqeeb Khan, Mulla Abdul Qadir Badayuni, Mulla Sheri and Sultan Haji Thanesari.

• In that era Mahabharat was translated into Persian and was renamed as Razm Namah (Saga of the Battlefield).
• Ramayana was translated by Mulla Abdul Qadir Badayuni. Badayuni also took up the task of Singhasan Batisi into Persian , which was later titled Khurd Afza in Persian.
• Atharva Veda was translated by Haji Ibrahim Sirhindi. Rajataringini by Kalhana was translated by Maulana Shah Mohammad Shahabadi. Panchtantra were rendered into Persian by Mulla Hussain Waiz and it was called Anwar-i-Suhaili.
• Panchatantra was also translated in Persian by Maulana Husain Faizi and its translated name was Yar-i-Danish. 
• Abul Fazal, Vazeer of Akbar and author of Akbarnama had translated Panchatantra in persian as Anvar-i-Saadat.

Surdas wrote Sursagar, Tulsidas who wrote Ramcharitmanas was also a contemporary of Akbar.

Ustad Isa was the chief architect of Taj Mahal.

Akbar put a ban in 1583 on killing animals on certain days.

Hamim Humam was one of the Nav Ratnas of Akbar.

Chandela dynasty was well established and there was peace and prosperity in 10th and 11th century. Art and culture flourished there as the kings were great patrons of poetry and theatre. The culmination of their cultural achievements was at their capital city of Khajuraho (in present-day Madhya Pradesh), where, between the 10th and 12th centuries, one of the most splendid temple cities in the history of the world was created. There were originally 85 temples at Khajuraho, of which 25 remain today.

The first king who started construction in Khajuraho was Harsha who built the 64 Yogini Temples. The most notable prince of this dynasty was King Dhangawhose time is known for building the most beautiful Khaujraho Temples of Parsvanath and Vishwavanath. His grandson Vidyadhara built the Kandariya Mahadev Temple.

Alauddin Khilji was a militarist and imperialist to the core. He was very ambitious. Alauddin, whose original name was Ali Gurshap, assumed the title Sikandar-i-Sani (Alexander the Second) and proclaimed Delhi as Dar-ul-Khilafa (Seat of the Caliphate).

In 1579, Mahzar Nama was declared by which the emperor declared that if there were conflictions in the views of the debaters, he was entitled to choose any of the interpretations.

With the Mahzar Nama, Akbar pounced upon the dominance of the intolerant orthodox and allowed free development of a genuine religious spirit. Mahzar Nama was actually an idea of the father of Abul Fazal and Faizi , set that the authority of the King was higher than that of a Mujtahid (doctor of the faith) and if there is a variance, the emperor’s decision should be binding on the Muslims of India. With this edict, Akbar’s judgment was set above every legal and religious authority, so it was the promulgation of the doctrine of Imperial infallibility.

There are two versions of origin of this diamond. First version is that it was mined in 13th century in Kakatiya Territories {near Guntur in modern Andhra Pradesh}.  It was under possessions of Kakatiya Rulers until Malik Kafur, the general of Alauddin Khilji raided Warangal and possibly acquired this gem. It remained with Khiljis and then passed on to several Delhi Sultanate dynasties until came into possession of Babur and successive Mughals.

Another version says that it was discovered in 1650s in the diamond mines of Golkonda and was presented by Mir Jumla to Shah Jahan, who got it embedded into the peacock throne.

We know about the period of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq from the material of Ziauddin Barni. Barni’s main works are Twarikh-i-Firuzshahi and Fatwa-i-Jahandari.