• Saprophytic nutrition is the type of nutrition where the organism feeds on dead and decaying matter.
• Example - Rhizopus, Mucor, Yeast, Agaricus(mushroom).

The type of root formed in Betel vine is Climbing Root. Climbing roots arising from nodes attach themselves to some support and climb over it; other example: money plant.

The calorie requirement of the body increases in winter as compared to summer because more calories are necessary to sustain body temperature.

• The animals which live on sucking blood from others organism’s body is called sanguinivorous animal.
• E.g., Mosquitos are sanguinivorous as they suck blood from others.

The High Yielding Variety Programme (HYVP) was launched in the Kharif of 1966-67 with an objective to attain self-sufficiency in food by 1970-71. The core philosophy of the programme was to increase the productivity of food grains by adopting latest varieties of inputs of crops. Introduction of new high yielding varieties of improved seeds and enhanced application of the fertilizers and extended use of pesticides were its main features

• Hydra is a genus of small, fresh-water organisms of the phylum Cnidaria and class Hydrozoa.


• Hydra have regenerative ability.


• Respiration and excretion occur by diffusion everywhere through the epidermis.

The Black Death in an epidemic of bubonic plague, a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that circulates among wild rodents where they live in great numbers and density. Such an area is called a 'plague focus' or a 'plague reservoir'. 
Hence, option B is correct.

Lungfish, also known as salamanderfish, are freshwater fish belonging to the subclass Dipnoi. It is the link between Amphibia and Reptiles.

Annual rings, the growth layers of wood that are produced each year in the stems and roots of trees and shrubs. In climates with well-marked alternations of seasons the wood cells produced when water is easily available and growth is rapid are often noticeably larger and have thinner walls than those produced later in the season when the supply of water has diminished and growth is slower.

• Daboia russelli is commonly known as Russell’s viper.
• They are also killed for their skin and meat.Their venom is also illegally traded in parts of its range, for various uses including medical and research use.