The Social System of Harappans was fairly egalitarian (equality and equal rights). The archaeological record of the Indus civilization provides practically no evidence of armies, kings, slaves, social conflict, prisons, and other oft-negative traits that we traditionally associated with early civilizations.

The people of the Harappan civilization worshiped Pashupati Shiva. Statue of Pashupatinath (Shiva) inscribed on a seal was found during the excavation of Mohenjodaro. Pashupatinath had a special significance in there religious life, which is also known as Adi form of modern Shiva.

The seals were pressed into soft clay to seal the mouths of jars and, as suggested by the imprint of fabric on the back of some seal impressions, were used to create clay tags for sacks of traded goods such as grain. Indus Valley seals have been found as far afield as Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) in the cities of Umma and Ur, in Central Asia and on the coast of the Arabian Peninsula. A large number of seals have been found at the port of Lothal in western India. Finds of Mesopotamian weights in Indus Valley cities confirm that trading took place between these two civilisations. Some experts believe that Mesopotamian written records of trade in gold, copper and jewellery may be referring to the Indus Valley.

Harappa was the first city discovered in the Indus Valley Civilization. The discovery of Harappa is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. From 1921 AD to the present, more than 2000 sites have been discovered. 7 of which have been labeled as Metropolitan.

The Indus civilization was the oldest urban civilization in the world, as a feature of which the roads intersect at right angles, dividing the city into two mounds (Eastern mound (without fortification), western mound (fortified), good drainage system etc. are found but in the Indus civilization there is neither evidence of any particular religion nor any temple like building.

Lothal is named on an ancient mound situated in the revenue jurisdiction of Sarajwala Village in Dholka Taluka of Ahmedabad. This is the only Indus site where an artificial brick dockyard was found and the dockyard must have served as the main seaport for the people of Indus.

Cow was absent in the terracottas of the Indus civilization. The terracotta figurines excavated at Harappan site had images of oxen, buffaloes, pigs, goat, sheep and humpes bull.Cow was famous in vedic culture.

Chanhudaro is an archaeological site belonging to the post-urban Jhukar phase of Indus valley civilization. It was the only Indus city without a citadel.

The use of horses by the Aryans played a decisive role in the conflict that took place between the Aryans and the non-Aryans and the Aryans emerged victorious in the struggle.

The Great Bath is one of the well-known structures among the ruins of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan.