Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa on 9 January 1915. He lived in Africa for about 22 years (April 1893 - January 1915). Gandhiji followed Satya and ahimsa under all circumstances. He was the first Indian barrister in South Africa. Mahatma Gandhi came in contact with Gopal Krishna Gokhale before coming into active politics of India and Gandhiji made Gopal Krishna Gokhale his political guru.

In 1894, Gandhiji founded the Natal Indian Congress in South Africa and he published a newspaper called Indian Opinion. Through this, they fight racial discrimination and to obtain the civil rights of the Indian immigrant community in South Africa. This magazine was published in Gujarati, Hindi, Tamil and English.

The Non-Cooperation Movement is considered to be the first mass movement to be led by Gandhiji. It was launched in 1920-22 AD against Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Rowlatt Act. Non-cooperation movement was an unprecedented success in Western India, Bengal and Northern India.

Champaran Satyagraha (1917): In opposition to indigo cultivation. 
Rowlatt Act Satyagraha (6 april 1919): As opposed to Rowlatt Act or Black Act. 
Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 april 1919): in Amritsar (Punjab). 
Chaura-Chauri incident (1922): in Chaura-Chauri village (Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)

Chauri-Chaura is a town near Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh where a police outpost of the British Government was set on fire by Indian revolutionaries on 5 February 1922, in which 22 police personnel died. This incident is known as Chauri-Chaura incident. As a result, on 12 February 1922, a meeting of the Congress held in Lagdoli passed a resolution to suspend the non-cooperation movement.

Some young Congress leaders were dissatisfied with Gandhiji's withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement due to a small incident at Chaura-Chauri. As a result of Gandhiji's decision, C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party in Allahabad on January 1, 1923, headed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru was the Secretary General.

The Khilafat Movement was a movement mainly by Muslims in India, which was the result of mistreatment by the British government against the Turkish caliphate. Gandhiji considered it a golden opportunity for Hindu-Muslim unity. Thus this movement came to the fore in the form of Muslim unity, but in 1924, the Khilafat movement in India ended with the establishment of a secular modern government in Turkey under Mustafa Kamal Pasha.

Chittaranjan Das is also known as Deshbandhu. Deshbandhu means- The Friend of Nation. He founded the Swaraj Party along with Motilal Nehru. He pleaded for Arvind Ghosh in the Alipur conspiracy case. Chittaranjan Das opposed Gandhi's decision to boycott the Legislative Council. He said that I consider the councils as a means of achieving self-rule.

On 23 November 1919, the All India Khilafat Committee session was held in Delhi and Gandhiji was elected its president. The credit for starting this movement is given to Ali - brothers, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.

A committee was formed to draft the Constitution of India. Its chairman was Motilal Nehru, the report prepared by this committee is known as Nehru Report (1928 AD). The committee had a total of 9 members, including two Muslims.