* Doctrine of Lapse was launched by Lord Dalhousie.

* Doctrine of Lapse was clever move of British administration to expand its territorial expansion.

* It states that the Princely states which don’t have a legal heir will be abolished by its princely state status.

* Annexation in the absence of a natural or adopted heir was enforced in the cases of

a) Satara (1848)

b) Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849)

c) Baghat (1850)

d) Chota Udaipur (1852)

e) Jhansi (1853)

f) Nagpur (1854)

• The full form of VVPAT is Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trial.

• VVPAT is an independent verification printer machine and is attached to electronic voting machine.

• VVPAT provides a printed slip which shows the poll symbol and name of candidate and it remain there for seven seconds.

• VVPAT machines can be accessed by polling officers only.

● Pir Panjal Tunnel is the longest railway tunnel in India.

● It is a 11.215-kilometre-long railway tunnel located in Pir Panjal Range of middle Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir.

● The Vande Bharat Express is the fastest train in India.

● The National Geophysical Research Institute is located in Hyderabad.

● It was established in 1961 under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

● Hyderabad is known as the City of Pearls in India.

● Gandaki is a tributary of the river Ganga.

● It is one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganga in India.

● It is also known for its deep canyon through the Himalayas.

Angel investor is an investor who lends personal money for new start ups.

• In return, he seeks for convertible debt or ownership equity in new start up.

• They invest their own money unlike a venture capitalist who invests public money.

• According to the new rules, investments up to 25 crore in companies with a total turnover of less than 100 crore and which are less than 10 year old, will be exempted from the new angel tax.

● DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is the system that translates human readable domain names (for example, www.gradeup.co) to machine readable IP addresses (for example, 104.17.13.38).

● Each website has a domain name that serves as an address, which is used to access the website. All domain names have a domain suffix, such as .com, .net, or .org. The domain suffix helps identify the type of website the domain name represents.

● VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration.

● It is the process of creating an integrated circuit by combining millions of MOS transistors onto a single chip.

● It reduces the effective cost of the devices and increases the operating speed of circuits.

● 1 Megabyte is the lowest computer storage size among the given options.

● The smallest unit of data in a computer is called Bit.

● A unit of information is the capacity of some standard data storage system or communication channel used to measure the capacities of other systems and channels.

● Biotech - KISAN is a new programme, launched in 2016 by the Ministry of Science and Technology to empower farmers.

● It is a farmer centric scheme for farmers, developed by and with farmers.

● The main aim is to understand individual problems of the small holding farmers and provide ready solutions.