● The Swadeshi Movement was officially declared on 7 August, 1905.

● The Swadeshi movement was a massive boycott to British products and revival of domestic products and production processes.

● Dadabhai Naroji, Lokmanya Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, lal Lajpat Rai, Etc were main leaders to carry forward the Swadeshi Movement.

● The Ignition of Swadeshi movement sparked with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon in 1905 and continued up to 1911.

● Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is also known as Frontier Gandhi.

● He belonged to Pashtun area of Pakistan, he was a follower of non-violent principles of Gandhiji and was a lifelong pacifist.

● He founded Khundai Khidmatgar movement in 1929 against British atrocities. Bacha Khan strongly opposed the proposal for the partition of India, siding with the Indian National Congress and All India Azad Muslim Conference.

● In June 1947, Khan and other Khudai Khidmatgars declared the Bannu Resolution, demanding that the Pashtuns be given a choice to have an independent state of Pashtunistan.

• 2019 Lok Sabha Elections were the first Lok Sabha elections in which 100% EVM were backed by a VVPAT.

• The voter-verifiable paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies in 2014.

• In April, 2019, SC ordered Election Commission to use VVPAT paper trial system in every LS seat.

• But note here that in 2019 Elections the VVPATs are not 100% verified after elections.

• As per SC orders, random physical verification of 20000 EVM-VVPATs are carried out.

• N Vohra Committee was associated with Corruption in politics and Electoral Reforms.

• The N. Vohra Committee, which submitted its report in October 1993, studied of the problem of criminalization of politics and the nexus among criminals, politicians, and bureaucrats in India.

• Similarly 244^th Report of Law Commission also pointed out that 18% of the candidates contesting either national or State elections had criminal cases against them.

• EVM machine is used first time in India in 1982 in limited seats in Kerala.

• It was used in the by election to Parur Assembly Constituency of Kerala for limited 50 polling stations.

• EVMs were launched in 1989 by Election Commission of India working jointly with Electronics Corporation of India Limited.

• Later EVMs were used in state elections of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan in 1998 (but not in all seats).

● The Diesel Locomotive Works located in Varanasi.

● It was the largest diesel-electric locomotive manufacturer in India

● The AC6000CW is a 6,000-horsepower diesel electric locomotive is the world's most powerful single-engined diesel locomotive.

● ‘Great Bear’ is the name of a constellation.

● A constellation is a group of stars that appears to form a pattern or picture.

● Moon is the only natural satellite of earth.

● The presence of free Electrons in a substance that makes it a conductor of electricity.

● Electrons are the negatively charged particles of atoms.

● It was discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897.

● Conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of charge in one or more directions.

● Bending of light at the boundary between two media is the effect of Refraction.

● Reflection is when light bounces off an object

● Scattering of light is the phenomenon in which light rays get deviated from its straight path on striking an obstacle like dust, gas molecules,water vapours etc.

● Diffusion is a Phenomenon of light reflected from a mirror, the angle of reflection of each ray equals the angle of incidence.

● Food is an inorganic substance.

● It is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.

● It contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats , proteins, vitamins, or minerals.