Gini is intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents and is the most commonly used measure of inequality. A nation with a Gini score of 0 has perfect income equality, and a score of 100 has perfect inequality (i.e. all the wealth is owned by a single person). If the Gini coefficient of Nation A is higher than nation B, there is no guarantee that Nation A will be wealthier or poorer than Nation B. For e.g. Brazil has a higher Gini than Canada, the latter is wealthier. So, statement 1 is NOT correct.

Gini is possible that a more unequal nation has better social indicators than a more equal nation. For e.g. the USA has a higher Gini coefficient than India, yet the former has better social indicators. So, statement 2 is NOT correct.

No conclusive inference can be drawn about statement 3. So, statement 3 is NOT correct.

• Glacial movements erode a very large portion of the earth and deposit them slowly over a place where other forces of nature act on it to form soil. So, 1 contributes.
• Magma is responsible for the formation of lava and its cooling forms igneous soil. So, 2 contributes.
• Groundwater does not form soil as such but it can cause salination of soil if is withdrawn excessively. In areas of limestone, it forms landforms, but not soil. So, 3 does not contribute.

• GDP includes services too. So, statement 1 is not correct.
• Non-monetary goods and services (e.g. cooking by housewife) are not included in GDP calculation. So, statement 2 is not correct.
• Economic transactions virtually include everything economic in the country. For e.g. if a stockbroker sells and purchases the same stock worth Rs. 1000 five times in a day, it does not increase the GDP of the country by Rs. 5000. Economic transactions may also include buying and selling of bonds, FII inflows, and outflows, etc. So, statement 3 is not correct. GDP includes the value of all goods and services produced within a country within a year.

• The growth of industries and urban centers, ships and railways, created a new demand in the forests for timber and other forest products. So, statement 1 is correct.
• Colonial control was established over the forests, forest areas were mapped, trees were classified, and plantations were developed after clearing forests. So, statement 2 is correct.
• The First World War and the Second World War had a major impact on forests. In India, working plans were abandoned at this time and the forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs. So, statement 3 is correct.

Focal length of a lens depends on its curvature and the medium outside the lens.

The ability of a lens to converge or diverge light rays depends on its focal length. For example, a convex lens of short focal length bends the light rays through large angles, by focussing them closer to the optical centre. Similarly, the concave lens of a very short focal length causes a higher divergence than the one with a longer focal length. The degree of convergence or divergence of light rays achieved by a lens is expressed in terms of its power. The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length.

• Organic farming is more eco-friendly as it does not involve the use of chemical fertilizers, weedicides, herbicides, etc. 
• Reducing the use of private vehicles will reduce pollution. For e.g. No car day in Delhi and Paris were organized recently. 
• Safeguarding the habitats of indigenous communities, flora and fauna mean taking into account human as well as animal and plant biodiversity, which forms part of sustainable development. 
• Option (D) goes against the idea of inter-generational equity. We should not compromise on the needs of future generations against the present generation. So, it is the only incorrect option.

The magnetic field inside the body forms the basis of obtaining the images of different body parts. This is done using a technique called Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). But, these fields are very weak and are about one-billionth of the earth's magnetic field. MRI is not based on tracing heat patterns.

The Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action adopted unanimously by 189 countries at the United Nations World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. It recognizes women’s rights as human rights and sets out a comprehensive roadmap for achieving equality between women and men. It aims at accelerating the implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women and at removing all the obstacles to women’s active participation in all spheres of public and private life through a full and equal share in economic, social, cultural and political decision-making. The Platform for Action is an agenda for women’s empowerment.

It is mined on a deep-sea surface. So, the question of deforestation does not arise. So, statement 3 is NOT correct.

It does not result in the release of CO from sea beds. Some studies indicate that stored methane may be released on mining. So, statement 2 is also NOT correct. 

Polymetallic nodules (manganese nodules) are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. It mainly contains manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper. Nodule mining could affect tens of thousands of square kilometers of deep-sea ecosystems. Nodule regrowth takes decades to millions of years and that would make such mining an unsustainable and nonrenewable practice. Any prediction about the effects of mining is extremely uncertain. Thus, nodule mining could cause habitat alteration, direct mortality of benthic creatures (living near sea bed), or suspension of sediment, which can smother filter feeders (suspension-feeding animals). Future environmental impact studies should address the impact on disruption and release of methane clathrate deposits in the deep oceans.

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli has signed an MoU with Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune for installing a state of the art supercomputer in the process of becoming part of the National Super Computing Mission of the Government of India. So, statement 1 is not correct.