Option (A) describes Infant Mortality Rate. Presently the IMR of India is around 42 per 1000 births which also nearly fulfils the MDG criteria for IMR. IMR is dependent on several factors such as institutional delivery, sanitation, water, health facilities, early disease prevention, malnutrition of mother and child, educational levels of the mother and family etc.

Pattachitra is a traditional cloth-based scroll painting from Odisha. It became an important art form with the ornamentation of Lord Jagannath in the innermost sanctum. The painting depicts the story of Lord Jagannath, his brother Balram and sister Subhadra, Krishna Lila. The painting is also based on the epics, incarnations of LordVishnu, Ramayana, Mahabharta, and mythological and folk stories from the Panchatantra, Puranas. Recently Many pieces of Pattachitra art have been damaged due to cyclone Fani in the coastal villages of Odisha.

Pakistan will allow Afghanistan to send goods to India using the Wagah border from July 15. The decision is part of Islamabad’s commitment under the Pakistan-Afghanistan Transit Trade Agreement. However, Islamabad is silent about allowing the same facility to India for exports to Afghanistan. Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement (also known as APTTA) is a bilateral trade agreement signed in 2010 by Pakistan and Afghanistan that calls for greater facilitation in the movement of goods amongst the two countries. Mago-Thingbu–Vijaynagar Border Highway is built in Arunachal Pradesh. Sunauli the border town between India and Nepal. Dhanushkodi, Tamil Nadu is a border connecting India and Sri Lanka.

• As the water table lowers, the water must be pumped farther to reach the surface, using more energy. In extreme cases, using such a well can be cost-prohibitive. So, statement 1 is correct.
• Land subsidence occurs when there is a loss of support below the ground. This is most often caused by human activities, mainly from the overuse of groundwater, when the soil collapses, compacts, and drops. So, statement 2 is correct.
• Saltwater intrusion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers. The movement happens because saltwater has a higher mineral content than freshwater, it is denser and has higher water pressure. As a result, saltwater can push inland beneath the freshwater, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. So, statement 3 is correct.
• An ecotone is a transition area between two biomes. It is where two communities meet and integrate. Groundwater feeds soil moisture through percolation, and many terrestrial vegetation communities depend directly on either groundwater or the percolated soil moisture above the aquifer for at least part of each year. Hyporheic zones (the mixing zone of streamwater and groundwater) and riparian zones are examples of ecotones largely or totally dependent on groundwater. So, statement 4 is correct.

Save Silent Valley was a social movement aimed at the protection of Silent Valley, an evergreen tropical forest in the Palakkad district of Kerala, India.

Namantar Andolan is a Dalit movement. So, statement 4 is NOT correct.

Beej Bachao Andolan drew links between the erosion of agricultural biodiversity and rural livelihoods and sought to preserve the people's cultural and scientific patrimony, as well as fight back against agrarian policies that favour corporate agribusiness at the expense of small farmers.

Navdanya is a women-centered movement for Earth Democracy based on the philosophy of 'Vasudhaiv Kutumbakam' (The Earth as one Family) for conserving biodiversity, conserving knowledge of the seed, and its utilization, conserving culture, conserving sustainability. It has created awareness on the hazards of genetic engineering, defended people's knowledge from biopiracy and food rights in the face of globalisation and climate change.

• BirdLife International is a global partnership of conservation organizations (NGOs) that strives to conserve birds, their habitats, and global biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources. So, statement 1 is correct.
• The concept of biodiversity hotspots was developed by Norman Myers in 1988. So, statement 2 is incorrect.
• The IBA Programme of BirdLife International aims to identify, monitor, and protect a global network of IBAs for the conservation of the world's birds and another biodiversity. So, statement 3 is correct.

The culturable wasteland is left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years. It is a category of uncultivable land. So, options (A), (B), and (C) are NOT correct.

Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction of a plant. Only one plant is involved and the offspring is the result of one parent.The new plant is genetically identical to the parent.

Some of the methods used are:

• Cuttings: Cuttings are part of the plant that is cut off from the parent plant. Shoots with leaves attached are usually used. New roots and leaves will grow from the cutting. The shoot is cut at an angle. A growth promoter may be used to help with the growth of the roots.
• Grafting: In grafting 2 plants are used to develop a new plant with combined traits from the 2 parent plants. In grafting the scion is the above-ground part of one plant. The scion is attached to the stock which is the rooted part of the second plant.
• Layering: In layering a shoot of a parent plant is bent until it can be covered by soil. The tip of the shoot remains above ground. New roots and eventually a new plant will grow. These plants can then be separated.

Sugarcane yields molasses and bagasse among other products. Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice. Molasses is used as an ingredient for manufacturing fertilizers, not bagasse. Bagasse is often used as a primary fuel source for sugar mills; when burned in quantity, it produces sufficient heat energy to supply all the needs of a typical sugar mill. Bagasse is commonly used as a substitute for wood in many tropical and subtropical countries for the production of pulp, paper (even for newspapers) and board, such as India, China, Colombia, Iran, Thailand and Argentina. 

• Genetically engineered viruses are being developed that can still confer immunity. So, statement 1 is NOT correct.
• A clonal colony or genet is a group of genetically identical individuals, such as plants, fungi, or bacteria. Since genetic engineering can be done with bacteria, it can also be done with clonal bacteria. So, statement 2 is NOT correct.
• Filamentous fungi are widely used in biotechnology as cell factories for the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and enzymes. Statement 3 also can't be the answer. So, statement 3 is NOT correct.