pH is called as power of Hydrogen, that is how much water or acid is present in any living organism or chemical at a particular point of time with different functioning of different organs of the body.

The working of the human body takes place within the range of 7.0 to 7.8. The human body can not sustain the high variation of pH levels.

When sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) are discharged in the atmosphere and travel by wind and air current, the resultant rain is called Acid rain (H2SO4). At the time of acid rain, the pH level of rain is less than 5.6.

Article 15:  Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth

The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them. Hence statement 2 is correct.

No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction, or condition concerning.

Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment

• There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
• No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.

The ‘World Development Report 2021:Data for Better Lives’ is published by World Bank. Data for Better Lives explores the tremendous potential of the changing data landscape to improve the lives of poor people, while also acknowledging its potential to open back doors that can harm individuals, businesses, and societies. This Report begins by assessing how better use and reuse of data can enhance the design of public policies, programs, and service delivery, as well as improve market efficiency and job creation through private sector growth.

The Harappans used diverse varieties of pottery for daily use. They used well-fired pottery.

The Indus Valley pottery consists chiefly of very fine wheel-made wares, very few being hand-made. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

Polychrome pottery is rare and mainly comprises small vases decorated with geometric patterns in red, black, and green, rarely white and yellow. Therefore, statement 3 is correct.

Plain pottery is more common than painted ware. Therefore, statement 2 is NOT correct.

Straight and angular shapes are an exception, while graceful curves are the rule. Therefore, statement 4 is NOT correct.

World Arthritis Day is observed on October 12, every year since 1996. The theme of the World Arthritis Day 2020 is “Time2Work”.

World Arthritis Day is observed to raise awareness about Arthritis around the world.

Arthritis is not a single disease but a collection of more than 100 different conditions that affect the joints, tissues around joints, and other connective tissues.

The conditions are usually associated with joint stiffness, pain, and inflammation and are more commonly seen in adults.

• Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints. It can affect one joint or multiple joints. So, statement 1 is correct.
• There are more than 100 different types of arthritis, with different causes and treatment methods. So, statement 2 is not correct.

Minamata is caused due to poisoning with mercury.

It is a neurological syndrome caused by mercury poisoning.

The symptoms include numbness in the hands and feet, muscle weakness, damage of hearing and speech, and narrowing the field of vision.

The Vijayanagar rulers were great builders. During this period, palaces, temples, huge halls (mahamantapa), forts, towers, public buildings, dams, tanks and canals were constructed.

The Vijayanagar rulers produced a new style of architecture called a Dravida style.

Paintings at the Virabhadra temple and Lepakshi temple show the excellence of Vijayanagar painters.

In Lepakshi, near Hindupur, in present Andhra Pradesh, there are glorious examples of Vijayanagara paintings on the walls of the Shiva temple.

The first statement is correct. The wavelength of X-Rays is from 0 Å to 250 Å. The Hard X-rays have wavelength of less than 10 Å while the soft X-Rays have the wavelength of more than 10 Å. The second statement is incorrect because Both Electric and Magnetic fields don't affect X-Rays. The Third statement is incorrect because X-Rays show most properties of light.

The first century CE onwards, Gandhara (now in Pakistan), Mathura in northern India and Vengi in Andhra Pradesh emerged as important centres of art production.

Buddha in the symbolic form got a human form in Mathura and Gandhara.

The sculptural tradition in Gandhara had the confluence of Bactria, Parthia and the local Gandhara tradition.

The Gandhara art is famous for the portrayal of Buddha in a spiritual state, eyes half-closed in meditation.

Neutralization reaction: Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which acid and base react to form salt and water.

Hydrogen (H⁺) ions and hydroxide (OH^- ions) reacts with each other to form water.

The strong acid and strong base neutralization have the pH value of 7.

H⁺ + OH^- → H₂O