Sushil Chandra assumed charge as the 24th Chief Election Commissioner of India, succeeding Sunil Arora w.e.f. 13th April 2021. Sunil Arora demitted the office on 12th April, 2021 after completing his tenure. Sushil Chandra has been serving in the Commission as Election Commissioner since 15 February 2019. He is also Member of the Delimitation Commission since 18th February 2020 looking after the Delimitation of Jammu Kashmir UT.

It is Personal Income which includes Transfer Payments. 

• Personal income refers to the broad measure of household income.
• It measures the purchasing power of consumers.
• It consists of all the income either earned or unearned by households. 
• Personal Income = National Income – Indirect business taxes – Corporate income taxes – Undistributed corporate profits + Transfer payments.

Personal disposable income refers to personal income minus taxes at a personal level.

• It measures the amount of net income that remains after households pay all their tax levies.
• It also represents the amount households will spend on goods and services or will save to invest.

India has 15,106.7 km of land border and a coastline of 7,516.6 km including island territories.

India shares its land border with seven countries:

• Afghanistan and Pakistan to the North-West, 
• China, Bhutan and Nepal to the North, 
• Bangladesh to the East and
• Myanmar to the Far East.

There are five Indian states that share their boundary with Bangladesh. They are : West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Assam.

Sri Lanka (from the south-east) and Maldives (from the south-west) are two countries with water borders.

The Rhine Waterways is located in the continent of Europe. Therefore, pair 1 is correct.

• It flows through Germany and the Netherlands.
• It is navigable for around 700 km.
• Navigation can be done from Rotterdam in the Netherlands to Basel in Switzerland.

The Volga Waterway is located in Europe. Therefore, pair 2 is NOT correct.

• It is one of the most important developed waterways in Russia.
• It provides navigation for almost 11,200 km.
• It drains into the Caspian Sea.
• The Volga-Moscow Canal connects the waterway with the Moscow region and the Volga-Don canal connects with the Black Sea.

The Great lakes-St. Lawrence seaway is located in North America. Therefore, pair 3 is correct.

• The Great Lakes of North America Superior, Huron Erie and Ontario are all connected by the Soo canal and the Welland canal to form inland waterways.
• St. Lawrence river is having an estuary along with the Great lakes which forms a commercial waterway in the northern part of North America.

• In recognition of the continuing adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on certain service sectors, the Government has now extended the scope of the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) through the introduction of ECLGS 3.0 to cover business enterprises in Hospitality, Travel & Tourism, Leisure & Sporting sectors which had, as on 29.02.2020, total credit outstanding not exceeding Rs. 500 crore and overdue, if any, were for 60 days or less, on that date i.e., 29th Feb 2020. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.
• ECLGS 3.0 would involve the extension of credit of up to 40% of total credit outstanding across all lending institutions as on 29.02.2020. The tenor of loans granted under ECLGS 3.0 shall be 6 years including a moratorium period of 2 years. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.

• Micro-credit extended by banks to individuals is reckoned as a part of their priority sector lending.
• No particular model has been prescribed for micro-finance and banks have been extended freedom to formulate their own models.
• Almost all give loans to their members, and many offer insurance, deposit and other services.
• They are those that offer credits and other financial services to the representatives of poor strata of the population
• Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

The Indian Constitution allows individuals the freedom to live by their religious beliefs and practices as they interpret these.

• Secularism refers to this separation of religion from the State. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

But, the separation is not strict. The state does interfere in religious activity on grounds of public interest, morality, justice etc.

• For e.g. the Indian government has a nominee on several religious shrine management boards. Therefore, statement 2 is not correct.

Freedom of individuals to exit from their religion, embrace another religion or have the freedom to interpret religious teachings differently must also be protected.

• This lies at the core of Indian secularism. Therefore, statement 3 is correct.

Article 323A of the constitution deals with the provisions for Administrative Tribunals.

• It empowers the Parliament to establish the administrative tribunals. Therefore statement 1 is incorrect.
• It's for the adjudication of a dispute relating to recruitment and conditions of service of a person appointed to Public services under the centre, state local bodies, public corporation etc.
• The Administrative Tribunal Act 1985 empowers the Central Government to establish State Administrative Tribunals on the specific request from the state.

Article 312 makes the provision that Parliament can create new All India Services if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution. Therefore statement 2 is correct.

• The resolution can be passed declaring that it is necessary to do for the national interest.

The Chairman and members of the State Administrative Tribunals are appointed by the President. Therefore statement 3 is correct.

• It can be done after the consultation with the Governor of the state concerned.

• In a major push towards deep technology and driving the country to become a digitally transformed nation, Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), NITI Aayog today launched AIM-PRIME (Program for Researchers on Innovations, Market-Readiness & Entrepreneurship), an initiative to promote and support science-based deep-tech startups & ventures across India.
• In this regard, AIM has joined hands with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) to launch this nationwide program which will be implemented by Venture Center - a non-profit technology business incubator. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
• The first cohort of the program is open to technology developers (early-stage deep tech start-ups, and scientists/ engineers/ clinicians) with strong science-based deep tech business ideas. The program is also open to CEOs and Senior incubation managers of AIM Funded Atal Incubation Centers that are supporting deep tech entrepreneurs. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.

• Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both Houses. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
• But if there is a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session in which members of both the Houses sit together. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.
• Because of the larger number of members, the view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail in such a meeting.
• But, Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters.
• Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money-related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes.
• There is no provision for joint sitting in such cases. Therefore, statement 3 is incorrect.