• Statement 1 is correct - The mission envisages Covid-19 vaccine development with end-to-end focus from preclinical through clinical development and manufacturing and regulatory facilitation.
• Statement 2 is incorrect - Vaccine Discovery Programme is supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India under the Mission COVID Suraksha - The Indian COVID-19 Vaccine Development Mission, implemented by BIRAC.
• Statement 3 is incorrect - The Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology has announced that it has approved additional funding towards clinical studies of India's 'first of its kind' mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine - HGCO19, developed by Pune-based biotechnology company Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.

Statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct - M/s Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (M/s DRL) had applied for the grant of permission to import and market Gam-COVID-Vac combined vector vaccine, popularly called Sputnik-V, developed by M/s Gamaleya Institute, Russia for Emergency Use Authorization. The Gam-COVID-Vac combined vector vaccine (Component I & Component II) has been developed by National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia and is approved in 30 countries across the world.

National income is a total value of a country’s final output of all goods and services produced in a year.

Concept of National Income:

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the total value of goods and services which are produced only within the territory of a country. It does not include any depreciation of capital goods. It is calculated by Income method, product or value-added method and expenditure method. It is given as:

GDP = C + I + G + X – M

• Where C = consumption expenditure
• I = investment expenditure
• G = government expenditure
• M = import expanditure
• X = income from export

GNP (Gross National Product) is the value of goods and service produced by the citizens within the domestic territory as well as abroad in a year. It is given as,

• GNP = GDP + Factor income Indian Nationals working abroad – factor income of foreign residents working in India

GNP = GDP + Net factor income from abroad

NNP (Net National Product) is the value of goods and services produced in an economy during a year after subtracting the depreciation value lost by capital goods each year. It is NNP at market price because the value of goods and services are taken at its actual market rate.

NNP = GNP – Depreciation of capital goods.

National income is also known as NNP at factor cost. It is sum total of incomes of residents of a country in a given period of time including capital consumption or depreciation. All payments that are made to factors of production like land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are at factor cost at which goods and services are produced.

National income = NNP at factor cost

• The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), a statutory body of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, launched the scheme to mitigate gender disparity in science and engineering research in various S&T programs. Therefore statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is not correct.
• SERB – POWER Scheme will have two components namely (i) SERB-POWER Fellowship (ii) SERB- POWER Research Grants.

Indian astronomers have tracked a rare supernova explosion and traced it to one of the hottest kinds of stars called Wolf–Rayet stars or WR stars. The rare Wolf–Rayet stars are highly luminous objects a thousand times that of the Sun and have intrigued astronomers for a long. They are massive stars and strip their outer hydrogen envelope which is associated with the fusion of Helium and other elements in the massive core. Tracking of certain types of massive luminous supernovae explosion can help probe these stars that remain an enigma for scientists.

• The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country.
• But when white opposition forced the government to withdraw the bill, Indians were enraged.
• The event highlighted the racial attitudes of the British in India.

It does not intend to cover developed nations.

• The Programme supports national REDD+ readiness efforts in partner countries spanning Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. Therefore statement 2 is correct.

REDD+ provides for the evaluation of the financial value for the carbon stored in the trees.

• This allows polluters to purchase carbon offsets.

• Statement 1 is correct - An initiative of the RBI and the Indian Banks’ Association, the NPCI was incorporated with an “intention to provide infrastructure to the entire banking system in India for physical as well as electronic payment and settlement systems”.
• Statement 2 is correct - Initially it had only 10 large public and private sector banks as core promoters, the shareholding was opened up in 2016 to 56 member banks to include all sectors of banking. In November last year, the number of shareholders was further expanded to include new payment platforms such as Paytm Payments Bank, One Mobikwik Systems Private, Amazon Pay Indian Private, PhonePe Private and Pine Labs. The NPCI now has 67 shareholders.
• Statement 3 is incorrect - NUE will be allowed to operate as a for-profit organisation, while the NPCI is a not-for-profit entity.

• Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India.
• He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state.
• Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.
• He participated in the agitations against the Rowlatt Act, joined the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha, and the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• In 1930, Rajagopalachari risked imprisonment when he led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in response to the Dandi March.

• In 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa.
• People were furious about this as they had been about the Jallianwala massacre. 
• Also, Indian Muslims were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman Empire.
• The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, now wished to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement.
• Gandhiji supported their call and urged the Congress to campaign against “Punjab wrongs” (Jallianwala massacre), the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj.