• Gandhi was hostile to industrialisation, while Bose advocated industrialization, perhaps inspired by soviet progress. Therefore statement 1 is correct
• He stated, "I am convinced that if we do desire freedom we must be prepared to wade through blood", a statement at odds with Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence. Therefore statement 2 is correct.
• He thus raised the Azad Hind Fauj or the Indian National Army (INA), to free India from British control.

Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and scrap.

In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and excess carbon are removed from the raw iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel.

Limiting dissolved gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, and entrained impurities (termed "inclusions") in the steel is also important to ensure the quality of the products cast from the liquid steel.

To manufacture one tonne of steel, the following are needed:

• 8 tonnes of coal
• 4 tonnes of iron ore
• 1 tonne of limestone.

Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative aims at cultivating sugarcane mainly by changing the way the inputs and methods are used.

It majorly involves:

• Less use of seeds
• Less user of water
• Optimum utilization of fertilizers and land, therefore, statement 3 is incorrect.
• It aims at reducing the input cost, therefore, statement 1 is correct.

Its basic premise is to obtain “more with less” in agriculture.

it brings down the cost up to 75%.

It reduces plant mortality rate; helps in increasing the length and weight of cane.

There is the scope of intercropping and the drip irrigation method can also be used. Therefore statements 2 and 4 are correct. 

However, SSI is a farmer-driven method; and its advantages are dependent on the efforts of the cultivator himself rather.

Lord Macaulay:

Macaulay emphasised the need to teach the English language. Therefore statement 1 is not correct.

• He felt that knowledge of English would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature the world had produced; it would make them aware of the developments in Western science and philosophy.
• The teaching of English could thus be a way of civilising people, changing their tastes, values and culture.

A decision was taken to make English the medium of instruction for higher education and to stop the promotion of Oriental institutions like the Calcutta Madrasa and Benaras Sanskrit College.

Following Macaulay’s minute, the English Education Act of 1835 was introduced. Therefore statement 2 is correct.

The Court of Directors of the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to the Governor-General of India, known as the Wood’s dispatch. Therefore statement 3 is not correct.

Kudankulam Nuclear power plant: Tamil Nadu.

Tarapur Nuclear Reactor, Maharashtra.

Kaiga Atomic Power Plant, Karnataka.

Kakarapar Atomic Power Plant, Gujarat.

• The government has sharply slashed the rates on all small savings instruments for the first quarter of 2021-22. The sharpest cut announced earlier was seen in the quarterly interest rate paid on one-year term deposits, from 5.5% in the January to March quarter to 4.4% in this quarter. The rate of return on the Senior Citizen Savings’ Scheme was cut from 7.4% to 6.5%, while the Sukanya Samriddhi Account Scheme’s return was reduced from 7.6% to 6.9%. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
• The interest rate paid on National Savings Certificate and Kisan Vikas Patra were also reduced significantly, from 6.8% to 5.9%, and from 6.9% to 6.2%, respectively. Consequently, the Kisan Vikas Patra, which used to mature in 124 months, will now mature in 138 months. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.
• For savers, the option with the highest returns at this point is the Sukanya Samriddhi Account Scheme, followed by the Senior Citizens’ Savings Schemes and the Public Provident Fund. Therefore, statement 3 is incorrect.

• Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is a national park in Assam, India.
• It was designated a Biosphere Reserve in July 1997.
• The park is bounded by the Brahmaputra and Lohit Rivers in the north and Dibru river in the south.
• It mainly consists of moist mixed semi-evergreen forests, moist mixed deciduous forests, canebrakes and grasslands.
• It is the largest salix swamp forest in north-eastern India, with a tropical monsoon climate with a hot and wet summer and cool and usually dry winter.

It is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibres for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fibre for engineering resins.

Statement 1: At least one species of bacterium in the genus Nocardia can degrade PET with an esterase enzyme.

• Japanese scientists have isolated a bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis that possesses two enzymes which can break down the PET into smaller pieces that the bacterium can digest.

Statement 2: Manufacturing PET resin generates more toxic emissions (nickel, ethyl benzene, ethylene oxide, benzene) than manufacturing glass.

• Producing a 16 oz. PET bottle generates more than 100 times the toxic emissions to air and water than making the same size bottle out of glass.

The recently published Report on Currency and Finance, 2020–21 of the Reserve Bank of India reviewed the performance of the flexible inflation targeting regime in India.

• Statement 1 is correct - Remdesivir is an injectable anti-viral that aims to prevent replication of the virus. It was manufactured in 2014 to treat Ebola, and has since been used to treat SARS and MERS.
• Statement 2 is incorrect - In 2020, it was repurposed for Covid treatment. Clinical experience has shown it works best in mildly ill patients, and in early stages of hospitalisation; late use has little effect.