* The process of issuing currency notes started back in the 18^th century in India.

* The Paper Currency Act of 1861 gave the Government of India a monopoly to print its own currency.

* The Mahatma Gandhi series of notes were issued in 1996, starting with Rs 10 and Rs 500 notes, which replaced all notes of the Lion capital series.

• Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz independently invented calculus in the mid-17th century.

• Newton considered variables changing with time, Leibniz thought of the variables x and y as ranging over sequences of infinitely close values.

• The development of Calculus can roughly be described along a timeline which goes through three periods: Anticipation, Development, and Rigorization.

• Shalihotra is known as Father of Veterinary Science.

• He wrote The Shalihotra Samhita on veterinary medicine in the 3rd century BCE.

• Shalihotra's principal work was a large treatise on the care and management of horses.

• Sodium Carbonate is dominantly present in Detergent.

• The sodium carbonate "softens" water helping other cleaning ingredients lift soil from the fabrics and suspend the soil in the wash water.

• Na2CO3 is the chemical formula of sodium carbonate.

• Formic Acid is present in Ant Bites. It is a simplest carboxylic acid.

• It is commonly used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.

• Formic acid is a colourless liquid with a pungent odour.

* Isoflurane gas is used as an anaesthetic in dental surgeries.

* It is formed by combining nitrous oxides and oxygen and sevoflurane gas.

* Desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane are some of the widely used anaesthetics.

• Pupa is the third stage in the metamorphosis of a butterfly.

• The various stages of life cycle is shown in below diagram:-

• An electrolytic cell uses electrical energy to drive a chemical reaction.

• An electrolytic cell is an electrochemical cell that drives a non-spontaneous redox reaction through the application of electrical energy.

• They are often used to decompose chemical compounds, in a process called electrolysis.

• A pure substance can exist in one or more phases and Is a one-component system are both properties of pure substance.

• It has constant chemical composition throughout its mass,is also one of the properties of pure substance.

• Lycopersican esculentum is the scientific name of Tomato.

• It was originated in American continent.

• In 2017, China, the leading producer of tomatoes, accounted for 31% of the total production. India and the United States followed with the second and third highest production of tomatoesin the world.

• Wilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder that causes copper to accumulate in liver, brain and other vital organs.

• Most people with Wilson's disease are diagnosed between the ages of 5 and 35, but it can affect younger and older people, as well.

• The adult human body contains 206 bones.

• 172 of the 206 human bones are part of a pair, including all 126 bones of the appendicular skeleton and 46 of the 80 bones in the axial skeleton.

• The 34 unpaired bones include six skull bones, 26 vertebrae, the sternum of the chest and the hyoid under the chin.

• Hiralal Chaudhary is recognised as father of Blue Revolution in India.

• Rapid increase in the production of fish and marine product through package programme is called as blue revolution.

• It was launched during seventh five year plan.

● When a compound undergoes chemical reaction ,the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom change.

● During a chemical reaction, the atoms of the original substances gain, lose or share their electrons with those of the substances with which they react.

● This reaction creates new substances made up of a new combination of atoms and a different configuration of electrons.

• Orion constellation is one of the brightest and best-known constellations in the night sky.

• It is popularly known as Orion - the Hunter.

• Rigel is the brightest star in the Orion Constellation.

• Betelgeuse is the second brightest star after Rigel in the Orion constellation.

• Tesla is the unit of Magnetic field.

• One tesla is equal to one weber per square metre.

• Nicola Tesla is best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

• Entomology is the scientific study of insects.

• Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behaviour and societies in the past and present.

• Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds.

• Geology is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.

• The sun is composed of 75 percent hydrogen and 25 percent helium by mass.

• The temperature of the sun's surface is about 10,340 degrees.

• The source of sun’s energy is the nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms.

• The phrase ‘Survival of the fittest’ as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection was coined by Herbert Spencer.

• Spencer developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of human culture and societies.

• The phrase ‘Survival of the fittest’ refers that only those species survives which is strong and fittest of all.

• Decible is a unit of measurement for intensity of sound.

• The human ear as a dyamic range from 0dB (threshold) to 120-130 dB.

• Normal conservation occurs at 60 db, a car horn at 110db, etc.

• The scientific name of cyanide is Prussic Acid.

• A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the cyno group C≡N.

• The cyanide ion is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide and with molecular nitrogen.

* Union Minister of State for Power and New & Renewable Energy (I/C) Shri RK Singh inaugurated the two-day ‘Conference of Power and Renewable Energy Ministers of States and UTs’ at Tent City, Narmada, Gujarat.

* The Conference is being attended by the Energy Ministers and top officials of energy departments of the States.

* The Conference will see deliberation over a range of issues pertaining to power and renewable energy sector such as – 24/7 power supply for all, Ease of doing business, Sanctity of contracts, regulatory issues, implementation of various schemes.

* Power Finance Corporation (PFC) a PSU under the Ministry of Power has appointed ICRA and CARE as the designated credit rating agencies for carrying out the rating exercise.

* The business magazine Forbes has released “The Forbes India Rich List 2019”.

* Mukesh Ambani has maintained his top position as the wealthiest person of India with $51.4 billion.

* The Forbes India Rich List 2019 showed industrialist Gautam Adani jumped 8 spots on the list to become the second richest India with a net worth of $15.7 billion.

* Madhya Pradesh Tourism Board has organized a month-long City Walk Festival in 11 cities (from 12th October to 10th November).

* The City Walk Festival organized in Bhopal, Indore, Ujjain, Gwalior, Panna, Vidisha, Khajuraho, Chanderi, Jabalpur, Burhanpur and Orchha.

* In a unique way to promote tourism, local, national and international tourists of all age groups is participating in the festival.

* More than 100 city walks organized during the festival on subjects including art, culture, heritage, food, textile, photography and spiritualism.

* In this festival, the tourists will be acquainted with the rich heritage, natural beauty, glorious history, traditions and ancient heritage of the Madhya Pradesh.

* World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) 2020 was observed on 10th October (second Saturday of October).

* The WMBD is an annual awareness-raising campaign highlighting the need for the conservation of migratory birds and their habitats.

* The theme for 2020: “Birds Connect Our World”

* Mary Kom Settles for Bronze (in 51-kg division) medal after Losing Intense Semi-final at Women's World Boxing Championships 2019 in Russia.

* She lost her semi-final bout against Turkey's Buse naz Cakirogllu.

* The 2019 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships are held in Ulan-Ude, Russia.

* US-based Major credit rating agency Moody's Investors Service estimated that the Indian economy expected to 5.8% from 6.2%. in the financial year 2020.

* It stated that the Indian economy is experiencing a pronounced slowdown partly due to long-lasting factors.

* Moody's Investors Service was established in 1909, headquarters in New York, USA.

* Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC: was founded in 1860, headquarters in New York, USA, subsidiary of S&P Global.

* Fitch Ratings: was founded in 1914, headquarters in New York City and London.

• The minimum area of forest to maintain a good ecological balance has been regarded to be 33%. India lags on this front.
• The Green India campaign has been announced by the Prime Minister for the afforestation of 6 million hectares.

• Contour cultivation is a sustainable way of farming where farmers plant crops across or perpendicular to slopes to follow the contours of a slope of a field.
• Terracing is a way in which sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming.

• There are 17 International Airports in India.

• These Interantional Airports are managed by Airport Authority Of India.

• The Airports Authority of India or AAI is a statutory body working under the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

• The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was the first, and is still the most outstanding, example of a hill passenger railway.
• The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, also known as the DHR or Toy Train, is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge railway based on zig zag and loop-line technology which runs between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling in the Indian state of West Bengal. Built between 1879 and 1881, with six zig-zags and five loops, the railway is about 88 km (55 mi) long.

• Chandraprabha Wildlife sanctuary is the oldest wildlife sanctuary of Uttar Pradesh, which was established in Chandauli district in 1957.
• Its wildlife consists of Chinkara, Sambar, Tedua and various birds.

• The state of Punjab is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistan province of Punjab to the west. 
• Punjab has 13 parliamentary constituencies. They are:

When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus  mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier.)