Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The prince of Orange, a small principality in southern France, became Stadholder(Governor) and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands in 1672 at the age of just 21 in circumstances that would have daunted most other leaders. Williams (1650-1702) was descended from earlier Dutch leaders and, through his mother. Mary Henrietta (daughter of Charles I), from the kings of England, but faced a hostile ruling class and an Anglo-French invasion by land and sea. Rather than surrender, he resolved to “die in the last ditch”, a phrase that he invented.

Through a combination of acumen, persistence and courage, by 1689 he transformed himself into the political master of the Netherlands, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and leader of a European alliance against his cousin and deadliest enemy, Louis XIV. He was braver than LouisXIV, too, often joining in cavalry charges on the battlefield.

In November 1688 he invaded England backed by a force of 400 ships and 15,000 troops mustered from throughout Protestant Europe, and marched on London almost without a shot being fired in anger -a masterpiece of political and strategic planning, unequalled until D-Day.

His ruthlessness towards political enemies was felt in Holland and Ireland. Nevertheless, though often exasperated by English insularity and unpopular with part of the English ruling class, he successfully harnessed English wealth and power to the common cause of the freedom of Europe from French hegemony.

Everything he touched turned to gold. He helped found the Bank of England in 1694. He permanently enlarged the British army. He established Protestant supremacy in Ireland -which he thought in that island’s best interests -and the Protestant succession in all the three kingdoms. And it was he who, by the Act of Settlement (1701), ensured that George I would succeed to the throne in 1714.

If William III and his popular consort and cousin Mary II, elder daughter of James II and VII (whom they had deposed), had children then England would have had a stronger, more popular and more confident monarchy, with a taste for splendor suggested by the palace Wren built for them after 1689 at Hampton Court.

William III was also personally tolerant: he dined in Richmond in 1699 with the Jewish entrepreneur Solomon de Medina, whom he knighted at Hampton Court in 1700, some 130 years before the creation of the next Jewish knight in England. A world figure, above many of the national and religious prejudices of his time, William III showed that a European could be a more successful ruler of England than local politicians.

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The prince of Orange, a small principality in southern France, became Stadholder(Governor) and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands in 1672 at the age of just 21 in circumstances that would have daunted most other leaders. Williams (1650-1702) was descended from earlier Dutch leaders and, through his mother. Mary Henrietta (daughter of Charles I), from the kings of England, but faced a hostile ruling class and an Anglo-French invasion by land and sea. Rather than surrender, he resolved to “die in the last ditch”, a phrase that he invented.

Through a combination of acumen, persistence and courage, by 1689 he transformed himself into the political master of the Netherlands, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and leader of a European alliance against his cousin and deadliest enemy, Louis XIV. He was braver than LouisXIV, too, often joining in cavalry charges on the battlefield.

In November 1688 he invaded England backed by a force of 400 ships and 15,000 troops mustered from throughout Protestant Europe, and marched on London almost without a shot being fired in anger -a masterpiece of political and strategic planning, unequalled until D-Day.

His ruthlessness towards political enemies was felt in Holland and Ireland. Nevertheless, though often exasperated by English insularity and unpopular with part of the English ruling class, he successfully harnessed English wealth and power to the common cause of the freedom of Europe from French hegemony.

Everything he touched turned to gold. He helped found the Bank of England in 1694. He permanently enlarged the British army. He established Protestant supremacy in Ireland -which he thought in that island’s best interests -and the Protestant succession in all the three kingdoms. And it was he who, by the Act of Settlement (1701), ensured that George I would succeed to the throne in 1714.

If William III and his popular consort and cousin Mary II, elder daughter of James II and VII (whom they had deposed), had children then England would have had a stronger, more popular and more confident monarchy, with a taste for splendor suggested by the palace Wren built for them after 1689 at Hampton Court.

William III was also personally tolerant: he dined in Richmond in 1699 with the Jewish entrepreneur Solomon de Medina, whom he knighted at Hampton Court in 1700, some 130 years before the creation of the next Jewish knight in England. A world figure, above many of the national and religious prejudices of his time, William III showed that a European could be a more successful ruler of England than local politicians.

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The prince of Orange, a small principality in southern France, became Stadholder(Governor) and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands in 1672 at the age of just 21 in circumstances that would have daunted most other leaders. Williams (1650-1702) was descended from earlier Dutch leaders and, through his mother. Mary Henrietta (daughter of Charles I), from the kings of England, but faced a hostile ruling class and an Anglo-French invasion by land and sea. Rather than surrender, he resolved to “die in the last ditch”, a phrase that he invented.

Through a combination of acumen, persistence and courage, by 1689 he transformed himself into the political master of the Netherlands, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and leader of a European alliance against his cousin and deadliest enemy, Louis XIV. He was braver than LouisXIV, too, often joining in cavalry charges on the battlefield.

In November 1688 he invaded England backed by a force of 400 ships and 15,000 troops mustered from throughout Protestant Europe, and marched on London almost without a shot being fired in anger -a masterpiece of political and strategic planning, unequalled until D-Day.

His ruthlessness towards political enemies was felt in Holland and Ireland. Nevertheless, though often exasperated by English insularity and unpopular with part of the English ruling class, he successfully harnessed English wealth and power to the common cause of the freedom of Europe from French hegemony.

Everything he touched turned to gold. He helped found the Bank of England in 1694. He permanently enlarged the British army. He established Protestant supremacy in Ireland -which he thought in that island’s best interests -and the Protestant succession in all the three kingdoms. And it was he who, by the Act of Settlement (1701), ensured that George I would succeed to the throne in 1714.

If William III and his popular consort and cousin Mary II, elder daughter of James II and VII (whom they had deposed), had children then England would have had a stronger, more popular and more confident monarchy, with a taste for splendor suggested by the palace Wren built for them after 1689 at Hampton Court.

William III was also personally tolerant: he dined in Richmond in 1699 with the Jewish entrepreneur Solomon de Medina, whom he knighted at Hampton Court in 1700, some 130 years before the creation of the next Jewish knight in England. A world figure, above many of the national and religious prejudices of his time, William III showed that a European could be a more successful ruler of England than local politicians.

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The prince of Orange, a small principality in southern France, became Stadholder(Governor) and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands in 1672 at the age of just 21 in circumstances that would have daunted most other leaders. Williams (1650-1702) was descended from earlier Dutch leaders and, through his mother. Mary Henrietta (daughter of Charles I), from the kings of England, but faced a hostile ruling class and an Anglo-French invasion by land and sea. Rather than surrender, he resolved to “die in the last ditch”, a phrase that he invented.

Through a combination of acumen, persistence and courage, by 1689 he transformed himself into the political master of the Netherlands, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and leader of a European alliance against his cousin and deadliest enemy, Louis XIV. He was braver than LouisXIV, too, often joining in cavalry charges on the battlefield.

In November 1688 he invaded England backed by a force of 400 ships and 15,000 troops mustered from throughout Protestant Europe, and marched on London almost without a shot being fired in anger -a masterpiece of political and strategic planning, unequalled until D-Day.

His ruthlessness towards political enemies was felt in Holland and Ireland. Nevertheless, though often exasperated by English insularity and unpopular with part of the English ruling class, he successfully harnessed English wealth and power to the common cause of the freedom of Europe from French hegemony.

Everything he touched turned to gold. He helped found the Bank of England in 1694. He permanently enlarged the British army. He established Protestant supremacy in Ireland -which he thought in that island’s best interests -and the Protestant succession in all the three kingdoms. And it was he who, by the Act of Settlement (1701), ensured that George I would succeed to the throne in 1714.

If William III and his popular consort and cousin Mary II, elder daughter of James II and VII (whom they had deposed), had children then England would have had a stronger, more popular and more confident monarchy, with a taste for splendor suggested by the palace Wren built for them after 1689 at Hampton Court.

William III was also personally tolerant: he dined in Richmond in 1699 with the Jewish entrepreneur Solomon de Medina, whom he knighted at Hampton Court in 1700, some 130 years before the creation of the next Jewish knight in England. A world figure, above many of the national and religious prejudices of his time, William III showed that a European could be a more successful ruler of England than local politicians.

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The prince of Orange, a small principality in southern France, became Stadholder(Governor) and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands in 1672 at the age of just 21 in circumstances that would have daunted most other leaders. Williams (1650-1702) was descended from earlier Dutch leaders and, through his mother. Mary Henrietta (daughter of Charles I), from the kings of England, but faced a hostile ruling class and an Anglo-French invasion by land and sea. Rather than surrender, he resolved to “die in the last ditch”, a phrase that he invented.

Through a combination of acumen, persistence and courage, by 1689 he transformed himself into the political master of the Netherlands, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and leader of a European alliance against his cousin and deadliest enemy, Louis XIV. He was braver than LouisXIV, too, often joining in cavalry charges on the battlefield.

In November 1688 he invaded England backed by a force of 400 ships and 15,000 troops mustered from throughout Protestant Europe, and marched on London almost without a shot being fired in anger -a masterpiece of political and strategic planning, unequalled until D-Day.

His ruthlessness towards political enemies was felt in Holland and Ireland. Nevertheless, though often exasperated by English insularity and unpopular with part of the English ruling class, he successfully harnessed English wealth and power to the common cause of the freedom of Europe from French hegemony.

Everything he touched turned to gold. He helped found the Bank of England in 1694. He permanently enlarged the British army. He established Protestant supremacy in Ireland -which he thought in that island’s best interests -and the Protestant succession in all the three kingdoms. And it was he who, by the Act of Settlement (1701), ensured that George I would succeed to the throne in 1714.

If William III and his popular consort and cousin Mary II, elder daughter of James II and VII (whom they had deposed), had children then England would have had a stronger, more popular and more confident monarchy, with a taste for splendor suggested by the palace Wren built for them after 1689 at Hampton Court.

William III was also personally tolerant: he dined in Richmond in 1699 with the Jewish entrepreneur Solomon de Medina, whom he knighted at Hampton Court in 1700, some 130 years before the creation of the next Jewish knight in England. A world figure, above many of the national and religious prejudices of his time, William III showed that a European could be a more successful ruler of England than local politicians.

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The prince of Orange, a small principality in southern France, became Stadholder(Governor) and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands in 1672 at the age of just 21 in circumstances that would have daunted most other leaders. Williams (1650-1702) was descended from earlier Dutch leaders and, through his mother. Mary Henrietta (daughter of Charles I), from the kings of England, but faced a hostile ruling class and an Anglo-French invasion by land and sea. Rather than surrender, he resolved to “die in the last ditch”, a phrase that he invented.

Through a combination of acumen, persistence and courage, by 1689 he transformed himself into the political master of the Netherlands, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and leader of a European alliance against his cousin and deadliest enemy, Louis XIV. He was braver than LouisXIV, too, often joining in cavalry charges on the battlefield.

In November 1688 he invaded England backed by a force of 400 ships and 15,000 troops mustered from throughout Protestant Europe, and marched on London almost without a shot being fired in anger -a masterpiece of political and strategic planning, unequalled until D-Day.

His ruthlessness towards political enemies was felt in Holland and Ireland. Nevertheless, though often exasperated by English insularity and unpopular with part of the English ruling class, he successfully harnessed English wealth and power to the common cause of the freedom of Europe from French hegemony.

Everything he touched turned to gold. He helped found the Bank of England in 1694. He permanently enlarged the British army. He established Protestant supremacy in Ireland -which he thought in that island’s best interests -and the Protestant succession in all the three kingdoms. And it was he who, by the Act of Settlement (1701), ensured that George I would succeed to the throne in 1714.

If William III and his popular consort and cousin Mary II, elder daughter of James II and VII (whom they had deposed), had children then England would have had a stronger, more popular and more confident monarchy, with a taste for splendor suggested by the palace Wren built for them after 1689 at Hampton Court.

William III was also personally tolerant: he dined in Richmond in 1699 with the Jewish entrepreneur Solomon de Medina, whom he knighted at Hampton Court in 1700, some 130 years before the creation of the next Jewish knight in England. A world figure, above many of the national and religious prejudices of his time, William III showed that a European could be a more successful ruler of England than local politicians.

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The prince of Orange, a small principality in southern France, became Stadholder(Governor) and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands in 1672 at the age of just 21 in circumstances that would have daunted most other leaders. Williams (1650-1702) was descended from earlier Dutch leaders and, through his mother. Mary Henrietta (daughter of Charles I), from the kings of England, but faced a hostile ruling class and an Anglo-French invasion by land and sea. Rather than surrender, he resolved to “die in the last ditch”, a phrase that he invented.

Through a combination of acumen, persistence and courage, by 1689 he transformed himself into the political master of the Netherlands, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and leader of a European alliance against his cousin and deadliest enemy, Louis XIV. He was braver than LouisXIV, too, often joining in cavalry charges on the battlefield.

In November 1688 he invaded England backed by a force of 400 ships and 15,000 troops mustered from throughout Protestant Europe, and marched on London almost without a shot being fired in anger -a masterpiece of political and strategic planning, unequalled until D-Day.

His ruthlessness towards political enemies was felt in Holland and Ireland. Nevertheless, though often exasperated by English insularity and unpopular with part of the English ruling class, he successfully harnessed English wealth and power to the common cause of the freedom of Europe from French hegemony.

Everything he touched turned to gold. He helped found the Bank of England in 1694. He permanently enlarged the British army. He established Protestant supremacy in Ireland -which he thought in that island’s best interests -and the Protestant succession in all the three kingdoms. And it was he who, by the Act of Settlement (1701), ensured that George I would succeed to the throne in 1714.

If William III and his popular consort and cousin Mary II, elder daughter of James II and VII (whom they had deposed), had children then England would have had a stronger, more popular and more confident monarchy, with a taste for splendor suggested by the palace Wren built for them after 1689 at Hampton Court.

William III was also personally tolerant: he dined in Richmond in 1699 with the Jewish entrepreneur Solomon de Medina, whom he knighted at Hampton Court in 1700, some 130 years before the creation of the next Jewish knight in England. A world figure, above many of the national and religious prejudices of his time, William III showed that a European could be a more successful ruler of England than local politicians.

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The prince of Orange, a small principality in southern France, became Stadholder(Governor) and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands in 1672 at the age of just 21 in circumstances that would have daunted most other leaders. Williams (1650-1702) was descended from earlier Dutch leaders and, through his mother. Mary Henrietta (daughter of Charles I), from the kings of England, but faced a hostile ruling class and an Anglo-French invasion by land and sea. Rather than surrender, he resolved to “die in the last ditch”, a phrase that he invented.

Through a combination of acumen, persistence and courage, by 1689 he transformed himself into the political master of the Netherlands, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and leader of a European alliance against his cousin and deadliest enemy, Louis XIV. He was braver than LouisXIV, too, often joining in cavalry charges on the battlefield.

In November 1688 he invaded England backed by a force of 400 ships and 15,000 troops mustered from throughout Protestant Europe, and marched on London almost without a shot being fired in anger -a masterpiece of political and strategic planning, unequalled until D-Day.

His ruthlessness towards political enemies was felt in Holland and Ireland. Nevertheless, though often exasperated by English insularity and unpopular with part of the English ruling class, he successfully harnessed English wealth and power to the common cause of the freedom of Europe from French hegemony.

Everything he touched turned to gold. He helped found the Bank of England in 1694. He permanently enlarged the British army. He established Protestant supremacy in Ireland -which he thought in that island’s best interests -and the Protestant succession in all the three kingdoms. And it was he who, by the Act of Settlement (1701), ensured that George I would succeed to the throne in 1714.

If William III and his popular consort and cousin Mary II, elder daughter of James II and VII (whom they had deposed), had children then England would have had a stronger, more popular and more confident monarchy, with a taste for splendor suggested by the palace Wren built for them after 1689 at Hampton Court.

William III was also personally tolerant: he dined in Richmond in 1699 with the Jewish entrepreneur Solomon de Medina, whom he knighted at Hampton Court in 1700, some 130 years before the creation of the next Jewish knight in England. A world figure, above many of the national and religious prejudices of his time, William III showed that a European could be a more successful ruler of England than local politicians.