The passage talks about the industrial revolution in Europe and how it affected the lives of people and what has been the result of it.

Let us understand the meaning of the given words :-

• Countries = an area of land that forms an independent political unit with its own government.

• Cities = a place where many people live, with many houses, stores, businesses, etc., and which is bigger than a town.

• Factories = manufacturing plant or a production plant is an industrial site, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery.

• Countryside = an area away from towns and cities, where there are fields, forests etc.

• The given sentence talks about how industrial revolution made people leave their fields and made them work in big factories in cities.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

• The passage talks about the industrial revolution in Europe and how it affected the lives of people and what has been the result of it.

• The sentence talks about what kind of environment people want to live in.

• People don’t want to live in the cities due to the polluted environment.

• One always prefers living in a cleaner and greener environment.

Hence, option C is the correct answer.

• The passage talks about the industrial revolution in Europe and how it affected the lives of people and what has been the result of it.

• Instead means in the place of something previously mentioned; as a substitute or an equivalent.

• Clearly means certainly, obviously; without a doubt.

• Nevertheless is used when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said.

• Of course suggest that something is normal, obvious, or well-known.

• The sentence states that there are more jobs in service sector as compared to heavy industries.

Hence, option A is the correct answer.

The passage talks about the industrial revolution in Europe and how it affected the lives of people and what has been the result of it.
Let us understand the meaning of the given words :-

• Calculate = to judge the number or amount of something by using the information that you already have, and adding, taking.

• Compute = to determine especially by mathematical means.

• Communicate = to exchange words, feelings, or information with others.

• Commute = to travel regularly a distance between work and home.

• The sentence talks about how modern transport has made it easier for people to travel along long distances between work and home.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

The passage talks about the industrial revolution in Europe and how it affected the lives of people and what has been the result of it.
Let us understand the meaning of the given words :-

• Inwards = toward the inside of something, or toward yourself, your mind, or your spirit.

• Upwards = from a lower to a higher position, level, or value.

• Outwards = moving, directed, or turned toward the outside or away from a centre.

• Downwards = moving or going from a higher place or level to a lower place or level.

• The sentence talks about cities are growing fast but people like to settle away from the centre of the city.

Hence, option C is the correct answer.

• The passage is all about small farming community of Mödlareuth.

• The subject for the given blank is the pub which is located in Modlareuth.

• It is a singular subject, so a singular verb will be used with it.

• Also, it gives a general information about that place. Thus, we will use the simple present tense.

• Verbs are made singular be adding s/es at the end of it.

• So, ‘attracts’ will be the most appropriate option in the given blank.

Hence, option B is the correct answer.

• The passage is all about small farming community of Mödlareuth.
  

• The sentence before the blank talks about the pub and how thousands of visitors go there every year.

• The noun used after the blank is ‘reason’.

• After visiting that place, they understood why it attracted so many people there.

• Thus, to state that particular reason, the definite article ‘the’ will be used.

• So, ‘the’ will be used in the given blank.

Hence, option A is the correct answer.

• The passage is all about small farming community of Mödlareuth.

• A wall (which is singular) is being talked about in the given sentence; so a singular helping verb will be used with it.

• The given sentence is in the present tense as it tells us a fact.

• So, ‘is’ will be used in the given blank.

Hence, option A is the correct answer.

• The passage is all about small farming community of Mödlareuth.
  
• Relative pronoun ‘which’ is used for things whereas relative pronouns ‘who/whom’ are used for people.

• Here, we are talking about a wall (which is a thing).

• ‘This’ is a demonstrative pronoun.

• So, ‘which’ is the most appropriate option.

Hence, option A is the correct answer.

The passage is all about small farming community of Mödlareuth.
Let’s understand the meaning of the given words :-

• Component = an abstract part of something.

• Branch = an abstract part of something.

• Piece = a separate part of a whole.

• Part = one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole.

• So, ‘part’ is the most appropriate option as the sentence has already used that word once earlier.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.