Lothal was excavated from 1955-1960 by S R Rao of the Archaeological Survey of India. Lothal is home to what is believed to be one of the oldest docks in the world. Harappa was excavated by D. R. Sahni in 1921. Mohenjodaro (Mound of Dead) was excavated by R.D Banerjee in 1922.

Bommalattam is a puppetry indigenous to the region of Tamil Nadu. Gombayatta is the traditional puppet show of Karnataka. The string puppets of Odisha are known as Kundhei. They are made of light wood and are dressed in long skirts. The traditional string puppets of the Rajasthan area known as Kathputli.

The World Bank Group is an international partnership comprising 189 countries and five constituent institutions that works towards eradicating poverty and creating prosperity.

The five development institutions under the World Bank Group are:

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

International Development Association (IDA)

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

Multilateral Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

Powers of the President:

1. Executive powers of the President-

•All executive actions of the Government of India are taken in his name.

•He appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers and they hold office during his pleasure.

•He appoints the Attorney General (AG), the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, the Chief Election Commissioner and other election commissioners of India, the Chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission and the governors of the states.

•He directly administers the union territories through administrators appointed by him.

•He appoints the inter- state councils to promote cooperation.

•He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to the administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas.

2. Legislative powers-

•He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and can dissolve the Lok Sabha.

•He can summon the joint sitting of both the houses of Parliament which is presided by the speaker of the Lok Sabha.

•He nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons having special knowledge or practical experience in Literature, science, art and social service.

•He can nominate 2 members to Lok Sabha from Anglo Indian community.

•He can promulgate Ordinance when the parliament is not in session.

•He lays reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, the Union Public Service Commission, the Finance Commission and others before the Parliament.

•He decides on questions as to disqualification of the members of the Parliament in consultation with the Election Commission.

3. Financial powers-

•A money bill can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior recommendations.

•He causes to be laid before the parliament the union budget.

•He constitutes a finance commission after every 5 years.

4. Judicial powers-

•He appoints the chief justices and other judges of the Supreme Court and high courts.

•He can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or fact but the advice tendered by the Supreme Court is not binding on the president

•He can grant pardon, reprieve, respite, remit and commute the punishment, awarded by any court of India, of any person.

5. Diplomatic powers-

•International treaties and agreement are negotiated and concluded on behalf of the President subjected to the approval of the Parliament.

•He represents India at international forums and sends and receives diplomats.

6. Military powers-

•He is the Supreme Commander of the armed forces.

•He appoints the chiefs of the armed forces.

•He can declare a war or conclude peace subjected to the approval of the Parliament.

7. Emergency powers-

•He can declare a national emergency under the Article 352 of the Constitution.

•He can declare president's rule in a state under the Article 356 of the Constitution.

•He can declare a financial emergency under the Article 360 of the Constitution.

When a lamp of Mercury or Sodium vapour is turned on, the filaments in those lamps glow because of the fast-moving electrons. These electrons, produced by the electricity, strike the vapour atoms of Sodium and Mercury atoms. After the electrons in electricity strikes the Sodium or Mercury atoms, which are in the vapour state, the atoms get emitted and the lamp starts to glow. The Sodium vapour lamp produces a yellowish-orange colour light, whereas the Mercury vapour lamp produces a blue colour light.

• Amla is the richest source of Vitamin C.

• Amla is reported to contain nearly 20 times more vitamin C than oranges.

• Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate acid.

• It is used to prevent and treat scurvy.

• It is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters.

• Chemical name of salt of Sodium Chloride.

• Calcium Chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.

• Manganese(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula MnO2 and is used in cell batteries and as a pigment.

• Sodium Sulphate has the chemical formula, Na2SO4, and its other names are Thenardite, Glauber’s Salt, Mirabilite, etc.

The Fisher Effect is an economic theory created by economist Irving Fisher that describes the relationship between inflation and real and nominal interest rates. The Fisher Effect states that the real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the expected inflation rate. Therefore, real interest rates fall as inflation increases unless nominal rates increase at the same rate as inflation.

Hence, option C is correct.

Knowledge of biodiversity is important for the systematic study of organisms, ecosystem studies, bio-geography studies, etc. It provides food, marketable items, etc. It has social and aesthetic value. Information on biodiversity at the world level, national level and state level is important. The man in causes of biodiversity loss are:

1) Habitat loss and fragmentation

2) Over-exploitation

3) Alien species invasions

4) Co-extinctions