The correct answer is The Family Courts Act, 1984.

In News

• The Family Courts (Amendment) Act, 2022, is an amendment to the original Family Courts Act of 1984.
• It was enacted to address certain issues related to the establishment and operation of Family Courts in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

Key Points

• Family Courts Act, 1984 was enacted to provide for the establishment of family courts with a view to promote conciliation and secure speedy settlement of disputes relating to marriage and family affairs.
• The salient features of the Family Courts Act, 1984 are as follows:
  • It provides for the establishment of Family Courts by the State Governments in consultations with the High Courts.
  • It makes it obligatory for the State Governments to set up a Family Court in every city or town with a population exceeding one million. 
  • It enables the State Governments to set up Family Courts in other areas also if they deem it necessary.
  • It exclusively provides within the jurisdiction of the Family Courts the matters relating to:
    • Matrimonial relief, including nullity of marriage, judicial separation, divorce, restitution of conjugal rights, or declaration as to the validity of a marriage or as to the matrimonial status of any person.
    • The property of the spouses or of either of them.
    • Declaration as to the legitimacy of any person.
    • Guardianship of a person or the custody of any minor.
    • Maintenance of wife, children and parents.
  • It makes it obligatory on the part of the Family Court to endeavour, in the first instance to effect a reconciliation or a settlement between the parties to a family dispute.
    • During this stage, the proceedings will be informal and rigid rules of procedure shall not apply.
  • It provides for the association of social welfare agencies, counsellors, etc., during the conciliation stage and also to secure the service of medical and welfare experts.
  • It provides that the parties to a dispute before a Court shall not be entitled, as of right, to be represented by a legal practitioner.
    • However, the Court may, in the interest of justice, seek the assistance of a legal expert as amicus curiae.
  • It simplifies the rules of evidence and procedure so as to enable a Family Court to deal effectively with a dispute.
  • It provides for only one right of appeal which shall lie to the High Court.

The correct answer is Option 2.

In News 

• PIB: President of India inaugurated the ‘herSTART’ platform to encourage women entrepreneurs.

Key Points 

‘herSTART Platform:

• The platform ‘herSTART’ aimed at supporting women-led start-ups was recently inaugurated by the President of India.
• ‘herSTART’ is an initiative of the Gujarat University Start-up and Entrepreneurship Council (GUSEC).
• The platform has been introduced to promote women start-ups and to encourage women entrepreneurs.
•  The platform includes a digital platform to provide resources and training modules free of cost to aspiring women entrepreneurs.
• It also provides a digital community for them, and a digital publication to spread their success stories.
• It also includes an accelerator that provides the following facilities to women entrepreneurs.

The correct answer is Avogadro’s law.

Key Points:

• Avogadro proposed in 1811 that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
• According to this hypothesis, the relative molecular weights of any two gases are the same as the ratio of their densities under the same temperature and pressure conditions.
• Avogadro also correctly deduced that simple gases were not made up of solitary atoms, but rather of compound molecules made up of two or more atoms.
• (Avogadro did not use the term "atom"; at the time, the terms "atom" and "molecule" were almost interchangeable. He mentioned three types of "molecules," one of which was a "elementary molecule"—what we would call an atom.)
• As a result, Avogadro was able to overcome the difficulty that Dalton and others had encountered when Gay-Lussac reported that the volume of water vapour above 100°C was twice the volume of oxygen used to form it.
• According to Avogadro, the oxygen molecule split into two atoms during the formation of water vapour.

Additional Information:

• Dalton’s law
  • ​The overall pressure exerted in a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases, according to Dalton's law, often known as Dalton's law of partial pressures. John Dalton discovered this empirical law in 1801 and made it public in 1802. The ideal gas laws are connected to Dalton's law.
• Gay-Lussac’s law
  • ​A gas law known as Gay-Lussac's law asserts that a gas's pressure (when kept at a constant volume and mass) varies directly with its absolute temperature. In other words, while the mass is fixed and the volume is constant, the pressure a gas exerts is proportional to the temperature of the gas.
• Charles' law
  • ​The experimental gas law known as Charles' law, commonly referred to as the law of volumes, illustrates how gases tend to expand when heated. Charles's law can now be stated as follows: When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the volume and Kelvin temperature will be in direct proportion.

The correct option is  Butane.

Key Points

• The gas, which we use in our home for the preparation of food is called liquid petroleum gas.
• The main constituents of LPG are the liquid form of butane and isobutane.
• Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a combination of propane and butane.
• It is odorless that's why Ethyl Mercaptan is added to it so there may be a smell if LPG leaks from its storage container.

Additional Information

• Water Gas :
  • Water gas is a mixture of CO and H2.
  • However, by-products such as char, tar, soot, ash, and condensates are also produced. 
• Natural gas (also called fossil gas; sometimes just gas), is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.
• Compressed natural gas is a fuel that can be used in place of petrol (gasoline), diesel fuel, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
  • CNG combustion produces fewer undesirable gases than the aforementioned fuels.
  • In comparison to other fuels, natural gas poses less of a threat in the event of a spill, because it is lighter than air and disperses quickly when released.

The correct answer is Shooting.

In News

• India for the first time won two senior individual medals in women's skeet at International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cup stage in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Key Points

• Ganemat Sekhon won silver which was her second-ever individual world cup medal.
  • In her first appearance at the senior level, Darshna Rathore won bronze making it her first-ever.
• Assem Orynbay of Kazakhstan won gold through a shoot-off.
• In the men's skeet, Mairaj Khan, Gurjoat Khangura, and Anantjeet Singh Naruka participated but none could make it to the finals.

The correct answer is Kutch.

Key Points

• The Kutch Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary (also called the Lala Purjan Sanctuary) is a great place to view various species of the Great Indian Bustard family. The sanctuary was set up in 1992 to protect this endangered bird.
• Kutch Bustard Sanctuary or Kachchh Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, also known as Lala–Parjan Sanctuary, is located near Jakhau village in Taluka Abdasa, Gujarat, India.
• The great Indian bustard or Indian bustard is a bustard found on the Indian subcontinent. A large bird with a horizontal body and long bare legs, giving it an ostrich-like appearance, this bird is among the heaviest of the flying birds.
• In 1994 great Indian bustards were listed as an endangered species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. By 2011, however, the population decline was so severe that the IUCN reclassified the species as critically endangered.

Additional Information

• Formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, the Keoladeo National Park is recognized as one of the world's most important bird breeding and feeding grounds. It originated as a royal hunting reserve during the 1850s and was a game reserve for Maharajas and the British.
• Bharatpur is also home to one of the world's best-known bird-watching destinations, Keoladeo Ghana National Park (KNP). 250 years ago, the then-ruler built embankments that allowed flooding of this land, turning it into a marsh.
• Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is situated at Kumarakom in Kottayam taluk of Kottayam district in the Indian state of Kerala, on the banks of Vembanad Lake. Set in the Kerala Backwaters, the bird sanctuary is visited by many migratory bird species.
• Vedanthangal sanctuaries are famous for their breeding heronry including cormorants, egrets, grey herons, open-billed storks, darters, spoonbill, white lbnis, night herons, grebes, grey pelicans, etc. Many migratory birds like garganey teals, shovellers, pintails, stilts, sandpipers, etc. Visit the sanctuary in winter.

Thus, the Kutch bird sanctuary in India is famous for Indian Bustards.

The correct option is oxygen.

Key Points

• Phosphorus is very reactive non - metal. 
• It reacts with oxygen and catches fire. 
• To prevents its reaction from atmospheric oxygen, it is kept in water. 
• Non - metals, generally do not react with water.

Additional Information

• Sodium is kept in Kerosene to prevents its reaction from air and water.
• Phosphorus is the element that literally means "I carry light".
• Rust formation is an undesirable change. 
• It happens to metals when they react with moist air.

The correct answer is Mobile genetic elements.

Key Points

• The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983 was awarded to Barbara McClintock "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements".
• Throughout her career, Barbara McClintock studied the cytogenetics of maize, making discoveries so far beyond the understanding of the time that other scientists essentially ignored her work for more than a decade.
• But she persisted, trusting herself and the evidence under her microscope. 
• She was compared to Gregor Mendel in terms of her scientific career by the Swedish Academy of Sciences when she was awarded the Prize.

Additional Information

Nobel Prize 2020 Winners:

The correct answer is 275 and 282.

Important Points

• Article 275 is related to Grants in aid from the Union government to certain States at the time of requirement.
  • This fund allocation depends on the discretion of the central government.
  • It shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
• Article 282 provides for both Centre and the States to make any grants for any public purpose.
  • It's at the discretion of the government, not a statutory obligation.
• A federal grant in aid is federal money granted to a recipient to fund a project or program.
• Federal grants in aid are not loans and therefore require no repayment.
• Federal grants can be awarded to university faculty members to pursue a particular line of research.
• Parts of a state government may procure and earmark grants to support nonprofits that provide aid to their constituents.

The correct answer is Assam.

In News

• The President of India Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the 'Gaj Utsav-2023' at the Kaziranga National Park in Assam on April 7, 2023.

Key Points

• The celebration encompasses Elephants' role in ecology, as an integral part of our religion, mythology, and literature.
• The festival is being organized by the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) and the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC).

Additional Information

• Assam:
  • Chief Minister - Himanta Biswa Sarma
  • Governor - Gulab Chand Kataria
  • Lok Sabha seats - 14.
  • Rajya Sabha seats - 7.
  • State Animal - Indian rhinoceros.
  • State Bird - White-winged duck.
  • National Parks - Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Nameri National Park, Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park.
  • Dams - Subansiri Lower Dam(Subansiri River), Karbi Langpi Dam(Borpani River).