• Pietra dura is related to decorating the walls with floral designs made of semi-precious stones.

• It is Italian plural meaning hard stones or hard rocks.

• Pietra dura is considered a decorative art.

• The art got its most popularizing time during Shahjahan's reign.

• In Tajmahal, Shahjahan used poietre dure technique of architecture.

• It is also known as the name Parchin Kari or Parchin Kari.

• The above term was used for the inlay technique of using cut and fitted, highly polished coloured stones to create images.

During the reign of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent. He reached up to River Kaveri.

The Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act of the Constitution in 1976. The Fundamental Duties are dealt with under Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution. These include:
-To protect and improve the natural environment
-To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform
-To respect the National Anthem, etc.
The protection of the interest of minorities is related to fundamental rights.

• Article 243(G) gives the list of 29 functions to be performed by the Panchayati Raj Institutions.

• Important articles of Indian Constitution:-

o Article 226 - Power of High courts to issue certain Writs

o Article 239AA – special provisions with respect to Delhi

o Article 243 B – constitution of panchayats

o Article 243C – composition of panchayats

o Article 243G – powers, authority and responsibilities of panchayats

o Article 243K – Elections to the panchayats

o Article 249 - Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State list in the national interest

Dachigam National Park was established in 1981 and is located in the high temperate zone of Jammu and Kashmir, just 22 kilometers from Srinagar. The average elevation of the park is 2990 meters above sea level. The park is spread over 141 square kilometers. The main vegetation found in the park are Himalayan moist temperate evergreen, moist deciduous and shrubs, cedar, pine, and oak.

In Light Emitting Diode (LED), the main light emission component is Gallium Arsenide. It converts electrical energy into light.

Also, the lifespan of LED is greater than that of CFL because LEDs consume less energy as compared to CFLs.

Hence, option B is correct.

The Campos grasslands are present in Brazil.

Human Chromosome

Human are unisexual organism. Each cell in human body consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.

* In males, Chromosomes are 44+XY

* In females, Chromosomes are 44+XX

* Offspring which gets XY chromosome from parents is male

* Offspring which gets XX chromosome from parents if female

Important mountain peaks Kangtu and Namcha Barwa are located in Arunachal Himalayas. The general direction of the mountain range is from Southwest to Northeast. The ranges are dissected by fast-flowing rivers from the north to the south.

* Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country. Kazakhstan shares its borders with Russia, China, the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the landlocked Caspian Sea.

* Second largest landlocked country after Kazakhstan is Mongolia.