* Chath puja is dedicated to Sun God and his wife Usha.

* This festival is celebrated to thank god for supporting life on earth and to seek the blessing of divine Sun god and his wife.

* It is celebrated at the sixth of the month of Karthika in the Vikram Samvat.

* The custom of offering prayer to the Sun god was also prevalent in the Babylonian civilization and ancient Egyptian civilization.

Alauddin Khilji organized spy system as one of the four ordinances to control revolts in his kingdom. These spies were known as Barids. And thus, the system then came to be known as ‘Barid System’.

Vladivostok - Vladivostok is the largest port on the Pacific coast of Russia. During Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Russia, a Memorandum of Intent was signed to construct a sea route between Chennai in India and Vladivostok in Russia. Shipping, automobile and fishing are the main commercial activities at the vast port of Vladivostok. It is an important site in terms of natural resources.

Dammam - King Abdul Aziz Sea Port of Dammam is the largest port in the Persian Gulf located in Saudi Arabia. The port is second only to Jeddah in terms of import-export volume in Saudi Arabia.

Hambantota - Hambantota port has been leased to China by Sri Lanka for 99 years. The port of Hambantota is strategically located in the middle of important energy supply lines in the Indian Ocean, connecting the Middle East and East Asia and is of strategic importance in the Indian Ocean.

Gwadar - It is located in the province of Baluchistan on the coast of Arabian Sea, southwest of Pakistan. China is under development this fall under the CPEC project.

Fundamental Rights:

1. Right to Equality (Art. 14-18)

• Article 14: State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India

• Article 15: Non-discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth

• Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability

• Article 18: Abolition of Titles

2. Right to Freedom (Article 19-22)

• Article 19: Six Fundamental Freedoms:

1) Freedom of Speech and Expression

2) Freedom of Assembly

3) Freedom to form associations

4) Freedom of Movement

5) Freedom to reside and to settle

6) Freedom of profession, occupation, trade, or business.

• Article 20: Protection in respect of Conviction for Offences

• Article 21:Right to Life and Personal Liberty

• Article 21-A: Right to Education.

• Article 22: Safeguards against Arbitrary Arrest and Detention

3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)

• Article 24 prohibits employing children below the age of 14 years in any hazardous profession.

4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)

• Article 25 - Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion

• Article 26 - Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs

• Article 27- Freedom from Taxation for Promotion of a Religion

• Article 28 - Freedom from Attending Religious Instruction

5. Rights to minorities (cultural and educational rights): Articles 29-30

• Article 29 - Protection of Interests of Minorities

• Article 30 - Right of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions

6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

* A monopoly is the exact opposite form of market system as perfect competition.

* In a pure monopoly, there is only one producer of a particular good or service, and generally no reasonable substitute.

* Perfect competition is a market system characterized by many different buyers and sellers.

* The decrease in migratory bird population in India is attributed to various factors including wetland reclamation, hunting, excess use of pesticides and fertilizers, climate change etc.

* Convention of Migratory Species is significant body for conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and their habitats.

* It is also called as Bonn Convention and India is a party to this since 1983.

* The COP 13 of this convention was held from 17 to 22 Feb, 202 at Gandhinagar, Gujrat.

* The theme of CMS COP-13 is ‘Migratory species connect the planet and we welcome them home’. The mascot for CMS COP-13 is ‘Gibi – The Great Indian Bustard’.

* The Great Indian Bustard is IUCN critically endangered species and listed in Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

● Retinol is needed to prevent xerophthalmia.

● Xerophthalmia is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears.

● Retinol is important for normal vision, the immune system and reproduction.

* Article 214 states that there shall be a High Court for each State.

* Article 215 states that every High Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself.

* Article 216 states that every High Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and such other Judges as the President may from time to time deem it necessary to appoint.

* Article 217 deals with provisions related to appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.