The correct answer is Hygrometer.

Key Points

Hygrometer

• A hygrometer is an instrument for measuring the relative humidity of the atmosphere.
• The hygrometer was invented by Leonardo da Vinci.

Additional Information

​Barometer

• A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
• The barometer was invented by Torricelli.

Hydrometer

• A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquids.
• The hydrometer was invented by Nicholson.

​Anemometer

• An anemometer is an instrument used to measure the velocity of wind and directions.
• The anemometer was invented by Leon Alberti.

The correct answer is 1997-2002

Key Points

• The ninth five-year plan was launched by the united front government in 1997.
• It was focused on "growth with social justice".
• It aimed to depend predominantly on the private sector, Indian as well as foreign direct investment(FDI).
• Private sector partnership in economic activities to be increased.
• But in the social sectors like education, Health and infrastructure private sector participation is likely to be limited.
• It assigned priority to agriculture & rural development.
• Employment generation and eradication of poverty were also important targets for this plan.
• 6.5% was the targeted growth rate for this five-year plan but we failed to achieve it and got just 5.4%.

Additional Information

Planning in India

• After independence, India chose the concept of economic planning to develop the economy.
• The concept of Economic planning was taken from USSR(Soviet Russia).
• A planning commission was established in march 1950.
• The first five-year plan was launched in 1951 with the goal of the re-establishment of the economy.
• The last five-year plan was from 2012 to 2017.
• The Planning commission was dissolved in August 2014.
• The NITI(National institution for transforming India)Aayog was established in January 2015.
• Now NITI Aayog is the think tank of the Indian economy.

The correct answer is Newton’s laws of motion.

Key Points

• Laws of Motion was propounded by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687.
• There are 3 laws of Motion.
  • Newton's First Law of Motion: Everybody maintains its initial state of rest or motion with uniform speed on a straight line unless an external force acts on it.
  • Newton's Second Law of Motion: The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of the force.
  • Newton's Third Law of Motion: To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• The rocket propulsion technology uses all the principles of the laws of motion.
  • To lift off a rocket from a launchpad a force by the exhaust is exerted to change its speed or direction (First Law)
  • The amount of thrust produced by the rocket engine by the mass of burned fuel and how fast the gas escapes the rocket. (Second law).
  • The force exerted by the rocket is equal to and in the opposite direction of the action or thrust produced from the engine. (Third law)

Additional Information

•  Law of reflection of Sound
  • The angle of incidence of sound is always equal to the angle of reflection of sound.
  • The reflected sound wave, the incident sound, and the normal lies in the same plane.
• Law of conservation of mass
  • ​In a chemical reaction, the matter is neither created nor destroyed.
• Law of thermodynamics
  • ​First law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
  • Second Law States that the entropy of the entire universe, as an isolated system, will always increase over time.
  • Third law states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

The correct answer is 72.

Key Points

• In contemporary Carnatic music, 72 Melakarta ragas are there.
• In Carnatic music, Melakarta is a collection of fundamental music scales.
• In this ragas contai all seven swaras.
• Ascending and descending notes have the same notes sometimes.
• 72 Melakarta is divided into two parts "Sudha Madhyama" and "Prati Madhyama".
• This 72 Melakarta rag has 12 groups that are called chakras.
• The chakras are Indu chakra, Netra chakra, Agni chakra, Veda chakra, Bana chakra, Rutu chakra, Rishi chakra, Vasu chakra, Bramha chakra, Disi chakra, Rudra chakra, Aditiya chakra. 
• Hanumatodi is one of the ragas from Netra Chakra.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

•  Ministry of Rural Development has developed “JALDOOT App” that will be used across the country to capture the water level of selected wells in a village.
• Union Minister of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Shri Giriraj Singh will launch the “JALDOOT App” at a function in New Delhi.
• The Jaldoot app will enable Gram Rojgar Sahayak (GRS) to measure the water level of selected wells twice a year (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon).
• In every village, adequate number of measurement locations (2-3) shall need to be selected.
• These will be representative of the ground water level in that village.
• The app will facilitate panchayats with robust data, which can be further used for better planning of works.
• The ground water data could be utilised as part of the Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) and Mahatma Gandhi NREGA planning exercises.

Additional Information

•  The Ministry of Finance is a government department or ministry responsible for managing the financial affairs of a country or jurisdiction.
  • Its primary role is to develop and implement fiscal policies, manage public finances, and oversee economic matters related to taxation, budgeting, and financial regulations.
• The Ministry of Culture is a government department or ministry that is responsible for overseeing and promoting cultural affairs within a country or jurisdiction.
  • Its primary role is to preserve, develop, and promote the cultural heritage, arts, and creative industries of a nation. 
• ​The Ministry of External Affairs, also known as the Foreign Ministry or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is a government department or ministry responsible for a country's foreign relations and diplomacy.
  • Its primary role is to manage and conduct international relations on behalf of the country.

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• Odisha government’s slum improvement and land titling program, JAGA (Odisha Liveable Habitat Mission) Mission has won the UN-Habitat’s World Habitat Awards 2023.
• This award is given by World Habitat, a United Kingdom-based organization, in partnership with UN-Habitat every year. 
• It aims to make Odisha the first state in India to be slum-free by the end of 2023.

Important Points

• The Government of Odisha is leading the Jaga Mission programme to upgrade all of the state's 2,919 slums.
• In the last five years, 1,75,000 families have been granted land tenure security.
• 100 per cent of households in 2,724 slums have been provided with pipe water connections, 707 slums have transformed fully into liveable habitats, 100 per cent of households in 666 slums have individual toilets, and 8 cities have become slum-free.
• Earlier in 2019, Odisha's Jaga mission received World Habitat Awards for its success in providing land tenure security to the slum dwellers.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• Silver articles become black after some time when exposed to air because Silver reacts with Sulphur in the air to form a coating of Silver Sulphide (Ag2S).
  • ​Silver reacts with Sulphur compounds such as Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) present in the air.
  • 4Ag (polished silver) + 2H2S + O2  → 2Ag2S (Tarnished silver) + 2H2O
  • The chemical change is called "Corrosion" and is also known as "Tarnishing of Silver".
  • It darkens the silver because Silver Sulphide (Ag2S) is black.
• Copper objects lose their shine and form a green coating of basic copper carbonate.
  • Copper objects lose their shine and form a green coating due to the corrosion of copper.
  • A copper object will form a green layer on its surface when it is exposed to air for a long time.
  • Copper corrodes by oxidation in which it reacts with oxygen in the air to form copper oxide.
  • Copper oxide then combines with carbon dioxide to make copper carbonate, which gives it a green colour.
  • Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in the air and slowly loses its shiny brown surface and gains a green coat.
  • This green substance is basic copper carbonate.

The correct answer is Consumer International.

Key Points

• The organization Consumers International has been bringing awareness to these rights with World Consumer Rights Day.
• Consumers International is the membership organisation for consumer groups around the world.
• It works with Its members and partners on issues where it can achieve global impact for consumers. It works on issues that affect consumers in multiple countries and across national borders.
• The tagline of Consumers International: Coming together for change.
• Headquarters: London, United Kingdom.
• Director-General: Helena Leurent.

The correct answer is Minhaj-us-Siraj.

Key Points

• The book "Tabaqat-i-Nasiri" is written by  "Minhaj-i-Siraj".
• It is an elaborate history of the Islamic world written in Persian.
• It was completed in 1260.
• Its purpose was to account for the Muslim dynasties that originated in Iran and Central Asia.
• It is the only source for the Khalijis rebellion in Bengal against the sultan of Delhi from 1229-1230.
• It consists of 23 volumes and written in a blunt straightforward style.

Additional Information

Ziauddin Barani:

• Ziauddin Barani was the court poet of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
• Compositions of Ziauddin Baran: Tarikh-i-firozshahi, fatwa-i-jahandari.
• Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is a work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyas-ud-din Balban to the first six years of the reign of Firoz Shah Tughluq.
• The Fatwa-i-Jahandari promoted a hierarchy among Muslim communities in the Indian subcontinent.

Amir Khusrau:

• He was the first Muslim poet and played an important role in the invention of 'Khari Boli'.
• He saw the rule of 7 sultans (Balban, Muhammad, Kaiqubad, Jalaluddin Khilji, Alauddin Khilji, Mubarak Shah Khilji, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq).​​

The correct answer is Nandas.

Key Points

• Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the power of the Nandas at Magadha with the aid of Kautilya and founded a glorious Mauryan empire in 322 BC.e
• The Maurya Empire was founded in 322 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya, who had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty and rapidly expanded his power westward across central and western India in order to take advantage of the disruptions of local powers in the wake of the withdrawal by Alexander the Great’s armies.
• According to legend, the teacher Chanakya convinced his disciple, Chandragupta Maurya, to conquer the kingdom of Magadha (the Nanda Empire) when he was insulted by its king Dhana Nanda.
• Chandragupta Maurya expanded the Maurya Empire north and west as he conquered the Macedonian Satrapies and won the Seleucid-Mauryan war.
• In its time, the Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires in the world.

Additional Information

 Maurya Empire 

• The Mauryan Empire, which formed around 321 B.C.E, and ended in 185 B.C.E, was the first pan-Indian empire, an empire that covered most of the Indian region.
• It spanned across central and northern India as well as over parts of modern-day Iran.
• Bindusara, Chandragupta’s son, assumed the throne around 300 B.C.E.
• He kept the empire running smoothly while maintaining its lands.
• Bindusara’s son, Ashoka, was the third leader of the Mauryan Empire. A
• Ashoka left his mark on history by erecting large stone pillars inscribed with edicts that he issued.
• After leading a bloody campaign against Kalinga (a region on the central-eastern coast of India), Ashoka reevaluated his commitment to expanding the empire and instead turned to Buddhism and its tenet of nonviolence.
• After Ashoka’s death, his family continued to reign, but the empire began to break apart.
• The last of the Mauryas, Brihadratha, was assassinated by his commander in chief—a man named Pushyamrita who went on to found the Shunga Dynasty—in 185 B.C.E.