The correct answer is Viscosity.

CONCEPT

Viscosity: It is the property of a fluid, by virtue of which it opposes the relative motion between its different layers is known as viscosity.

This force is known as the viscous force.

where, η = coefficient of viscosity, A = area, dv/dx = velocity gradient.

EXPLANATION

Fluid means any liquid or gas that can flow.

As described above, 

• It opposes relative motion between adjacent layers therefore option 1 is correct.
• Viscosity is the property of fluid (liquid/gas) therefore, option 2 is incorrect.

• η ∝ P ⇒ viscosity increases pressure increases and vice versa.

The correct answer is B.V. Doshi.

Key Points

• B.V. Doshi is known as the Father of Indian Architecture.
• Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi is the first Indian architect to win Pritzker Prize.
• Pritzker Prize is often referred to as the Nobel Prize for architecture.
• B.V Doshi has also been honoured with France’s highest honour for arts the 'Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters' in 2011.
• Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi is an Indian Architect.
• He is the first Indian who won the Pritzker Prize in 2018.
• The prestigious Pritzker Prize, considered architecture field’s Nobel, has been awarded to renowned Indian architect Balakrishna Doshi for 2018.
• Doshi has designed many educational institutions like IIM Bangalore, IIM Lucknow, etc. and is noted for his contributions to many low - cost housing projects.

​​The correct answer is Raveena Tandon.

In News

• Author and philanthropist Sudha Murty, music director M M Keeravaani, who bagged India's first Oscar for an original song for the RRR song 'Naatu Naatu' and Bollywood actor Raveena Tandon were among those who were conferred the Padma awards by President Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhawan, in New Delhi.
• Sudha Murty was awarded for Social Work, Raveena Tandon was awarded Padma Shri for Arts.
• Other awardees include:
  • Late Mulayam Singh Yadav
  • Deepak Dhar
  • S L Bhyrappa
  • Vani Jairam
  • Tridandi Chinna Jeeyar Swamiji

Additional Information

• Padma Awards:
  • The awards are given in various disciplines and activities such as art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, and civil service.
  • The country's second-highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, is given for outstanding and distinguished service.
  • The Padma Bhushan is given for distinguished service of a high order.
  • The Padma Shri is given for distinguished service in any field.

The correct answer is Bombay.

Key Points

• The Indian National Congress was founded and its first session was held in Bombay in 1885.
• W.C. Banerjee was its first president.
• It was attended by delegates from all over India. Persons attending the session belonged to different religious faiths.
• They discussed the problems of all the Indians irrespective of their religion, caste, language and region.
• The first session of the INC was proposed at Pune, but because of an outbreak of plague in Pune, the venue was shifted to Bombay.
• The first session was held in Bombay, at the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit Pathshala.

Additional Information

•  In the first session that was held at Bombay, there were a few important segments of the demands from Indians that were presented before the British. They are as under:
  • ​Appointment of a commission to enquire into the working of the Indian Administration.
  • This commission was to assess Indian Administration from 1858- till date.
  • India Council in London should be abolished.
  • The creation of legislative councils.
  • Reduction of Military Expenditure.
  • Civil Services Reform.

The correct answer is Subsistence agriculture.

• Indian agriculture's predominant type is Subsistence agriculture.

Key Points

• Subsistence agriculture is the predominant type of Indian agriculture.
• It is also called self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families.
• There is a total absence of modern equipment like tractors and farm inputs like chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides.
• In this farming, farmers mostly cultivate cereals along with oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and sugarcane.

Additional Information

• Commercial farming
  • It is just the opposite of subsistence farming.
  • In this case, most of the produce is sold in the market for earning money.
• Plantation Farming
  • It is an estate where a single cash crop is grown for sale.
  • This type of agriculture involves the growing and processing of a single cash crop purely meant for sale.
  • Tea, coffee, rubber, banana, and spices are all examples of plantation crops.
• Extensive Farming
  • This system of crop cultivation uses small amounts of labour and capital in relation to the area of land being farmed.
  • It is followed in a moderately populated region.

The correct answer is Tarapur, Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS)
  • It is located in the industrial area of Boisar in Maharashtra’s Thane district
  • TAPS was India’s first atomic power project 
  • It began its operations on 28 October 1969
  • This project was completed with US collaboration
  • At present, the Tarapur Atomic Power Station is operated by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)
• Nuclear Energy
  • Nuclear Power is the fifth-largest source of generating electricity in India after coal, gas, wind power, and hydroelectricity.
• India’s Three Stage Nuclear Programme 
  • India’s three-stage nuclear power program was formulated by Homi Bhabha to suit the country's low Uranium resource profile
  • Stage 1 Pressurized Heavy water Reactors (PHWR)
  • Stage 2 Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR)
  • Stage 3 Thorium Base Reactors (TBR)

Additional Information

Operational Nuclear power plants in India are as follows

The correct answer is Viviparity.

• Viviparity is not shared by birds and mammals.

Key Points

• Similarities between Aves and Mammals are-
  • Both are homeothermic (warm-blooded) animals they are able to maintain a constant body temperature.
  • Both respire through the lungs.
  • An endoskeleton made of bones is known as an ossified endoskeleton.
  • Most organisms like bony fishes, mammals, birds, and reptiles have an endoskeleton made purely out of bones and cartilage.
  • In Aves endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) and long bones are hollow with air cavities.
  • Both have a four-chambered heart.
  • In both sexes are separate and fertilization is internal.

Additional Information

• Dissimilarities between Aves and Mammals are-

The correct answer is Hans Lippershey.

Key Points

• Though it was first used by Galileo for astronomical purposes, the earliest designs of a working refracting telescope were made by Hans Lippershey in 1608.

Additional Information

• Copernicus
  • Copernicus proposed the model of the solar system in which the planets revolve around the Sun.
• Galileo Galilei :-
  • Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was part of a small group of astronomers who turned telescopes towards the heavens.
  • After hearing about the "Danish perspective glass" in 1609, Galileo constructed his own telescope.
  • He subsequently demonstrated the telescope in Venice.
  • In 1609, using this early version of the telescope, Galileo became the first person to record observations of the sky made with the help of a telescope.
  • He soon made his first astronomical discovery.
  • He was an Italian astronomer, born in 1564.
  • Galileo Galilei's observations of our solar system and the Milky Way have revolutionized our understanding of our place in the Universe.

The correct answer is 2014.

• Sachin Tendulkar is the first sportsperson to receive Bharat Ratna.

Key Points

• Sachin Tendulkar is the first sportsperson who has won the Bharat Ratna award.
• Sachin Tendulkar is also the youngest person to get the Bharat Ratna award.
• Sachin Tendulkar is a former Indian Cricket player known as “The God of cricket”.  
• He was awarded Bharat Ratna in 2014 along with C. N. R. Rao.

Additional Information

• Bharat Ratna:
  • The Bharat Ratna (Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award in India.
  • It was instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order, without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.
  • In 1954, The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were:
    • The last Governor-General of the Dominion of India – C. Rajagopalachari,
    • President and the First Vice President of India – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and
    • Nobel Prize Laureate, Physicist - C. V. Raman.

The answer is Banking.

Key Points

• Banking is not a primary sector activity because it does not involve the extraction or production of raw materials.
• Instead, banking is a Tertiary sector activity because it involves the processing and distribution of goods and services that have been produced by the primary sector.

Additional Information

• The primary sector is the foundation of the economy, as it provides the raw materials that are used to produce goods and services in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
• The primary sector is a major source of employment in many countries, particularly developing countries.
• The primary sector is facing a number of challenges, including climate change, population growth, and competition from foreign producers.
• The main keyword in the question is "related".
• Banking is not directly related to the extraction or production of raw materials, so it is not a primary sector activity.
• Here are some other examples of primary sector activities:
  • Agriculture
  • Fishing
  • Forestry
  • Mining
  • Oil and gas extraction

Important Points