Babur's artillery was of two kinds, the heavy and the light. The heavy artillery was called the 'Kazan' or heavy canon which was able to fire balls of about 20-25 pounds in weight while the lighter canon was called 'zarb-zan' which was mobile and could be moved in different places and was able to fire 3-to-4-pound weight of projectile. The Kazan were big guns and were used against forts and fortified positions. Under Akbar the elephants ridden by the emperor were called khasah (special), and all others were arranged in groups of ten, twenty or thirty, called halqah. There was a person called Mir Tuzak (literally, Lords of Arrangement) whose responsibility was to identify the route, decide on the marches and proceed ahead, select a place for encampment and lay out the site of the various camps and the lines of shops.

The Guptas made Sanskrit as their court language and wrote all their documents and inscriptions in the same language. Even the Buddhist writers preferred Sanskrit to Pali for writing their literary works. Kalidasa was the greatest Sanskrit poet and dramatist that India has ever produced. Visakhadutta, the renowned author of Mudra Rakshasa, was another great poet and dramatist of the Gupta period. Harisena, the renowned author of the Allahabad Pillar Inscription, is another great poet of this period, who flourished during the reign Samudragupta. Sudraka was another great author of the Gupta period.

Khamsin, chamsin or hamsin is a dry, hot, sandy local wind affecting Egypt and Israel. From the Arabic word for "fifty", these dry, sand-filled windstorms blow sporadically in Egypt over a fifty-day period in spring, hence the name. The term is also used in the southern Levant (Israel, Palestine, Jordan), where the phenomenon takes a partly different form and blows both during spring and autumn.

Odisha is the largest producer of Iron ore in India. Odisha accounts for over half of India's iron ore production produced 120 million tonnes during the 2019/2020 year.

The Directive Principles along with the Fundamental Rights contain the philosophy of the Constitution and is the soul of the Constitution. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these principles as ‘novel features’ of the Indian Constitution. The Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution from Articles 36 to 51. Granville Austin has described the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution’.

Article 353 deals with the provisions related to effect of proclamation of emergency. Article 352 states that, if the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion, he may, by Proclamation, make a declaration to that effect in respect of the whole of India or of such part of the territory thereof as may be specified in the Proclamation. Article 355 states that, it shall be the duty of the Union to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the Government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. Article 356 deals with the provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.

Sulphur dioxide emissions are a precursor to acid rain and atmospheric particulates. Sulphur dioxide is a major air pollutant and has significant impacts upon human health. In addition, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere can influence the habitat suitability for plant communities, as well as animal life.

Globally, patterns of primary productivity vary both spatially and temporally. The least productive ecosystems are those limited by heat energy and water like the deserts and the polar tundra. The most productive ecosystems are systems with high temperatures, plenty of water and lots of available soil nitrogen.

The ecological pyramids may be of following three kinds. 1. Pyramid of Number: It depicts the number of individual organisms at different trophic levels of food chain. 2. Pyramid of Biomass: The biomass of the members of the food chain present at any one time forms the pyramid of the biomass. 3. Pyramid of Energy:When production is considered in terms of energy, the pyramid indicates not only the amount of energy flow at each level, but more important, the actual role the various organisms play in the transfer of energy.

American-Austrian biologist discovered the blood group system in 1901. He discovered the ABO blood group. Later on, this discovery was refined. William Harvey discovered the blood circulation system.