The correct answer is Uttarakhand.

Key Points

• Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve:-
  • The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is situated in the Chamoli Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India.
  • It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most biodiverse regions in the Himalayas.
  • It is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including many endangered species, such as the snow leopard, Asiatic black bear, and Himalayan tahr.
  • The reserve also includes two national parks: Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Park.
  • Nanda Devi National Park is known for its high-altitude peaks, glaciers, and alpine meadows.
  • Valley of Flowers National Park is known for its meadows of wildflowers and cascading waterfalls.
  • The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is an important source of water and other resources for the local communities.

Additional Information

• There are 18 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in India:
  • Achanakmar-Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh)
  • Agasthyamala (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu)
  • Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh)
  • Dehang-Debang (Arunachal Pradesh)
  • Dibru-Saikhowa (Assam)
  • Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu)
  • Great Nicobar Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  • Kachchh (Gujarat)
  • Khangchendzonga (Sikkim)
  • Manas (Assam)
  • Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand)
  • Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
  • Nokrek (Meghalaya)
  • Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh)
  • Panna (Madhya Pradesh)
  • Seshachalam (Andhra Pradesh)
  • Similipal (Odisha)
  • Sunderbans (West Bengal)

The correct answer is Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

Key Points

• Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  • The 1870s saw the penmanship of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, who composed the patriotic poem "Vande Mataram."
  • His work Anandmath features a song called 'Vande Mataram'.
    • The novel's portrayal of the country struck a chord with readers and sparked powerful political movements.
    • 'Anandmath' served as an inspiration to many independence warriors.
  • 'Vande Mataram' became a popular anthem among the masses during the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal.
  • The 1882 composition "Anandmath" is among Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's most renowned pieces.
  • A militia's attempt to found a kingdom is the subject of the book.

Additional Information

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  • ​In Radhanagar, Bengal, on May 22, 1772, Raja Ram Mohan Roy was born into an orthodox Brahman household.
  • In Patna, he studied Persian and Arabic in his early schooling. There, he read the Quran, the writings of Sufi mystic poets, and the Arabic translations of Plato and Aristotle.
  • He read the Vedas and Upnishads and studied Sanskrit in Benaras.
  • When he was sixteen, he penned a logical criticism of Hindu idolatry after returning to his village.
  • He served as Woodforde's and Digby's personal diwan for the East India Company from 1803 until 1814.
  • He left his position in 1814 and relocated to Calcutta to dedicate his life to religious, social, and political reforms.
  •  He is known as the ‘Father of Modern India’ and ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’.
  • He founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815, the Calcutta Unitarian Association in 1821, and the Brahmo Sabha in 1828 which later became the Brahmo Samaj.
•  Bal Gangadhar Tilak

  • ​Tilak was born in Ratnagiri, present-day Maharashtra, in 1856 under the name Keshav Gangadhar Tilak.

  • He was called the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’ by Britishers

  • Born into a Hindu middle-class family, he graduated from Pune with a bachelor's degree.

  • He worked as a math teacher at first. thereafter began a career in journalism and became involved in the liberation movement.

  • The Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav as popularised by him since 1894 is still one of the biggest festivals of Maharashtra.

  • He was among the founding members of Pune's Fergusson College.

  • At 64, he passed away in 1920.

• Rabindranath Tagore:
  • Bengali polymath Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was involved in the Bengal Renaissance.
  • He was a poet, novelist, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, educator, and painter.
  • Using Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, he transformed Indian art and music as well as Bengali literature.
  • In 1913, he became the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
  • He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in recognition of his work Geetanjali.
  • In the 1915, King George V bestowed upon Tagore a knighthood, which he later renounced following the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
  • While Tagore's graceful prose and enchanted poetry were immensely well-liked throughout the Indian subcontinent, his poetic songs were perceived as mystical and mercurial.
  • He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society.
  • Tagore was referred as "the Bard of Bengal" and went by the monikers Gurudeb, Kobiguru, and Biswokobi.
  • Geetanjali, Sadhana, Ghare-Baire, Gora and Rabindra Sangeet are among his important works.
  • His works, "Jana Gana Mana" in India and "Amar Shonar Bangla" in Bangladesh, were selected as national anthems by two countries. West Bengal has made "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" into its official state anthem.
  • In 1901 he founded the famous Shantiniketan which later came to be known as Vishwabharati University.

Concepts:

Properties of acids-

• They are sour in taste and soluble in water.
• They have corrosive action.
• An aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity.
• It turns blue litmus red.
• The acid reacts with metals to release hydrogen gas.
• Acids react with bases and produce salt.

Explanation:

Naturally occurring acids

• Occur naturally in foods.
• Food acids are the important acids found in natural food products that give them a distinct flavour or a tinge.
• The human body tends to react differently to different types of food acids.
• There are different types of food acids like citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid which are naturally occurring food acids.
• Tartaric acid: Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, unripe mangoes, and tamarinds.

Hence the acid found in grapes is Tartaric acid

Additional Information

The correct answer is ​Lord Curzon.

Important Points

• Bengal was partitioned by the British viceroy Lord Curzon.
  • Lord Curzon announced the partition of Bengal on 20th July 1905.
  • The partition came into effect on 16^th October 1905.
  • At that time of partition, Bengal was the biggest province of British India that included Bihar and parts of Orissa.
  • The British argued that the division was for administrative convenience.
  • The partition of the Bengal is an example of the British policy of divide and rule.
  • The main reason for the partition of Bengal was to destroy the political influence of the educated middle class among whom the Bengali intelligentsia was the most prominent.
  • The swadeshi movement was started to protest against the partition of Bengal.
  • Bengal partition was finally cancelled by Lord Hardinge in 1911.

Additional Information

• Lord Lytton was the viceroy who passed the vernacular press act in 1878.
• Lord Canning was the first viceroy and the last governor-general of India.
• Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India who started the first railway line in India in 1853(connecting Bombay to Thane).

The correct answer is Mahavir

Key Points

• Mahavira was a contemporary of Gautam Buddha.
• Contemporary things are either happening at the same time or are happening now, both Mahavira and Gautam Buddha preached their teachings at the same time, hence are considered to be contemporaries of each other.

Important Points

• Siddhartha Gautama was born in 563 BC in Lumbini, Shakya Republic (present-day Nepal) (according to the Buddhist tradition).
• Buddha was born into an aristocratic family in the Shakya dynasty but eventually renounced household life.
• Mahavira was born in a royal Kshatriya family to King Siddhartha and Queen Trishala.
• Mahavira was born in 540 BC.
• Kundagram near Vaishali is believed to be the birthplace of Mahavira.

The correct answer is Lens.

Key Points

• The power of the lens is expressed in terms of Dioptre.

• The power of the lens is defined as the ability of the lens to converge or diverge the ray of light passing through it.

• The power of the convex lens is said to be more if the ray of the light converges more strongly towards the optical centre. 

• It depends on the focal length of the lens.

• It is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length in meters.

• The SI unit of power of the lens is diopter and is denoted by D.

• One diopter is defined as the power of the lens that has a focal length of one meter.

• The focal length of the convex lens is positive so the power is positive and that of the concave lens is negative as its focal length is negative.

The correct answer is 73rd Amendment Act, 1992.

Key Points

• The 73rd constitutional amendment gave constitutional status to Panchayati raj.
• Seventy-Third Amendment Act, 1992:
  • It gave constitutional status and protection to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
  • It added a new Part-IX entitled 'the Panchayats'.
  • It also added the Eleventh Schedule containing functional items of the panchayats
• The idea of the Panchayati Raj system in India signifies the system of rural local self-government.
• The 73rd amendment act added a new part IX and articles 243 to 243 to the Indian constitution.
• The 73rd amendment act added the eleventh schedule to the Indian constitution.
• The term Panchayati raj was coined by Jawahar all Nehru.
• Panchayati Raj Act came into force on 24th April 1993.
• April 24th is observed as the national Panchayati raj day since 2011.
• Important committees constituted for recommendations regarding Panchayati raj in India:
  • Balwant Rai Mehta committee.
  • V.T. Krishnammachari committee.
  • Ashok Mehta Committee.
  • G.V.K. Rao Committee.
  • L.M. Singhvi Committee.
  • P.K. Thungon Committee.

Additional Information

• 86th Constitutional Amendment Act:
  • It inserted Education into the Fundamental Rights of the constitution.
  • It made elementary education a fundamental right and added a new article 21A.
  • It declares that the state shall provide compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.
  • It changed the subject of Article 45 in directive principles that the state shall provide early childhood care and education for all children until they reach the age of 6 years.
  • It also added a new fundamental duty in Article 51A that it is the duty of every citizen to provide opportunities for education to their children between the age of 6 to 14 years.
  • This was amended in the year 2002.
  • The right to property was deleted from the fundamental right by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act in 1978. Now it is a legal right under Article 300A.
  • The right to equality is a fundamental right under articles 14 to 18 of the constitution.
  • The right to freedom is given from articles 19 to 22 in the constitution.
• 71st Amendment Act, 1992:
  • It provided for the Inclusion of Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali languages in the Eighth Schedule.
• 92nd Amendment Act, 2003:
  • It amended the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

The correct option is 4 i.e. Agriculture.

• Agriculture, Mining, Fishing, Forestry, and Dairy are some examples of the primary sector of the Indian economy.
• These are called so because it forms the base for all other products.
• Manufacturing, Gas, Electricity, Construction, and Water supply are some secondary sectors
• It contributes around 29.6 % of the Indian GDP.
• Goods transported by trucks or trains, banking, insurance, and finance come under the tertiary sector.

Kanchenjunga

Key Points

• Kanchenjunga:
  • It is the third-highest mountain in the world with an elevation of 8586 m.
  • It is situated on the border between Nepal and Sikkim.
  • It is a part of the Great Himalayan Mountain Range.
  • It is the highest mountain peak in the Himalayas in India.
  • Out of the five peaks, three lie on the border with Sikkim, and two peaks are solely in Nepal.

Additional Information

Mount Everest

• It is the highest peak in the world with a height of 8848m
• Located in Solukhumbu district Nepal
• It is named in honor of Sir George Everest.

K2

• It is the second-highest mountain in the world with a height of 8611m
• Located in Gilgit Baltistan POK
• Discovered by T. G. Montgomerie, Survey of India.

Nanda Devi

• It is India's second-largest peak with a height of 7816m
• Located in Chamoli Uttrakhand.​

Namcha Barwa:

• It is located on the eastern side of the Great Canyon of Yarlung Tsangpo River.
• It is a mountain located in the Tibet region with an elevation of 7782 m.

The correct answer is a Union of State.

• The constitution of India describes India as a Union of State.

Key Points

• The Union and its Territories:
  • Article 1 describes India, i.e. Bharat, as a Union of States.
  • According to Article 1, the Territory of India can be classified into three categories:
    • Territories of the States.
    • Union Territories.
    • Territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any time.
• At present, there are 28 states and 8 Union territories in the country. 
• Article 2 empowers the Parliament to admit into the Union of India, or establish new states on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.

Additional Information

• Quasi-federal means an intermediate form of state between a unitary state and a federation.
• An unitary state is governed as a single entity in which the central government is ultimately supreme.

Important Points

• Article - 3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
• Article - 4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.